Antagonistic effect of helpers on breeding male and female survival in a cooperatively breeding bird.
Antagonistic effect of helpers on breeding male and female survival in a cooperatively breeding bird.
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DOI：
10.1111/1365-2656.12377
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发表时间：
2015-09
期刊：
影响因子：
--
通讯作者：
Covas R
中科院分区：
文献类型：
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作者：
Paquet M;Doutrelant C;Hatchwell BJ;Spottiswoode CN;Covas R
1.合作繁殖的物种通常寿命很长，因此，根据理论，预计通过最大限度地提高生存率来最大限度地提高其一生的繁殖成功率。在这种情况下，帮手的存在可以用来减轻父母当前繁殖的努力，以获得更高的生存率。2.此外，不同性别和年龄的个体可能会遵循不同的策略，但男性和女性育种者以及不同年龄的个体是否从帮手的存在中获益不同，这一点往往被忽视。此外，只有一项研究调查了父母的生存和帮手的存在之间的关系，使用捕获标记再捕获分析（CMR）。这些方法很重要，因为它们使我们能够解释种群中存活但未被检测到的个体的未检测性，从而对生存和重新捕获概率的影响被解开。3.在这里，我们使用多事件CMR的方法来调查是否与增加生存概率的男性和女性的繁殖者的不同年龄的社会性织布Philetairus socius的帮手的数量。在这个物种中，在有帮手的情况下，两性都会降低进食率。因此，我们预测，帮手的存在应该会增加繁殖者在两性中的生存率，特别是在生命早期，当个体可能有更多的未来繁殖机会时。此外，社会性织布机女性减少他们的投资在鸡蛋的存在的帮手，所以我们预测一个更强的作用，女性比男性的生存帮手。4.正如预期的那样，我们发现雌性在与更多帮手交配时有更高的生存概率。然而，出乎意料的是，男性的生存概率随着帮手数量的增加而下降。这种对抗作用随着繁殖者年龄的增长而减弱。5.这些结果说明了合作行为背后的健身成本和收益的复杂性，以及这些成本和收益如何随个人的性别和年龄而变化。他们还强调需要进一步研究帮手对生存的性别特异性影响。
1. Cooperatively breeding species are typically long lived and hence, according to theory, are expected to maximize their lifetime reproductive success through maximizing survival. Under these circumstances, the presence of helpers could be used to lighten the effort of current reproduction for parents to achieve higher survival. 2. In addition, individuals of different sexes and ages may follow different strategies, but whether male and female breeders and individuals of different ages benefit differently from the presence of helpers has often been overlooked. Moreover, only one study that investigated the relationship between parental survival and the presence of helpers used capture–mark–recapture analyses (CMR). These methods are important since they allow us to account for the non-detection of individuals that are alive in the population but not detected, and thus, the effects on survival and recapture probability to be disentangled. 3. Here, we used multi-event CMR methods to investigate whether the number of helpers was associated with an increase in survival probability for male and female breeders of different ages in the sociable weaver Philetairus socius. In this species, both sexes reduce their feeding rate in the presence of helpers. We therefore predicted that the presence of helpers should increase the breeders' survival in both sexes, especially early in life when individuals potentially have more future breeding opportunities. In addition, sociable weaver females reduce their investment in eggs in the presence of helpers, so we predicted a stronger effect of helpers on female than male survival. 4. As expected we found that females had a higher survival probability when breeding with more helpers. Unexpectedly, however, male survival probability decreased with increasing number of helpers. This antagonistic effect diminished as the breeders grew older. 5. These results illustrate the complexity of fitness costs and benefits underlying cooperative behaviours and how these may vary with the individuals' sex and age. They also highlight the need for further studies on the sex-specific effects of helpers on survival.