Financial Crises, Poverty and Environmental Sustainability: Challenges in the Context of the SDGs and Covid-19 Recovery
Financial Crises, Poverty and Environmental Sustainability: Challenges in the Context of the SDGs and Covid-19 Recovery
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金融危机、贫困和环境可持续性：可持续发展目标和 Covid-19 复苏背景下的挑战
DOI：
10.1007/978-3-030-87417-9_9
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发表时间：
2022
期刊：
影响因子：
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通讯作者：
Shepherd A
中科院分区：
文献类型：
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作者：
Shepherd A
赞比亚正在经历结构性困难，其特点是严重/粮食贫困、长期贫困和贫困程度很高。贫穷趋势与环境可持续性问题密切相关，如鱼类资源恶化、土壤肥力、干旱和洪水以及灾害风险。它们还具有进一步的影响，如无法科普健康冲击、早婚和离婚以及酗酒。长期的城乡、省际和性别不平等因政治上的高度争议而加剧，政策制定和执行不力，这两种背景因素严重制约了国家的减贫行动。这也是一个宏观经济不稳定的背景-赞比亚仍然是一个最不发达国家，依赖矿产，收入不足，债务缠身。2010年代，贫困人口的收入经历了最近一段时期（2016-2019年）的剧烈冲击，此前多年的系统性压力因素导致收入、储蓄和资产下降放缓，这增加了家庭近期面临的冲击和新型冠状病毒肺炎爆发的脆弱性。在这方面，政策重点将包括稳定农业收入，发展更强大的家庭资产基础，注重农业和渔业资源保护，以及建立更强有力和更早的灾害应对政策。
Zambia is experiencing structural distress marked by high levels of severe/food poverty, chronic poverty and impoverishment. Poverty trends are strongly linked to environmental sustainability issues, such as deteriorating fish stocks, soil fertility, drought and floods, and disaster risk. They are also underpinned with further effects such as inability to cope with health shocks, early marriages and divorces, and alcoholism. Long term urban-rural, inter-provincial and gender inequalities are exacerbated by highly contested politics with weak policy development and implementation, both of which sets of contextual factors significantly constrain state action on poverty reduction. The context is also one of macro-economic vulnerability—Zambia is still an LDC, mineral dependent, revenue-deficit and debt-distressed. The 2010s witnessed a recent period of sharp shocks to the incomes of the poor (2016–2019) preceded by years of systemic stressors driving a slower decline in income, savings and assets which increased the vulnerability to the recent shocks faced by households and the onset of Covid 19. In this context, policy priorities would include stabilising farm incomes, developing a stronger household asset base, focusing on resource conservation in farming and fisheries, and building a stronger and earlier policy response to disasters.