Evaluation of three organic wastes for reclaiming burnt soils: Improvement in the recovery of vegetation cover and soil fertility in pot experiments
Evaluation of three organic wastes for reclaiming burnt soils: Improvement in the recovery of vegetation cover and soil fertility in pot experiments
复制标题
三种有机废物用于烧毁土壤复垦的评价：盆栽试验中植被覆盖和土壤肥力恢复的改善
DOI：
10.1007/s003740050354
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发表时间：
1997
影响因子：
6.5
通讯作者：
T. Carballas
中科院分区：
文献类型：
--
作者：
M. C. Villar;S. González;T. Carballas
对家禽粪便(PM)、牛粪(CS)和污泥(SS)3种有机废弃物在火烧土壤复垦中的应用效果进行了评价。为了模拟暴露在高强度野火中，森林土壤先前被加热，被标记为N-15(15N)，以评估从有机废物中提取的N对烧毁土壤和植被的贡献。用加热的15N标记土壤进行4种处理：未改良对照土壤(S)和3种废弃改良土壤(S+PM、S+CS和S+SS)，剂量为167 mg/kg·kg~(-1)土。各处理的植物生物量及其含氮量均显著降低，顺序为：S+PM S+CS>；S+SS。S+PM(22.8%)和S+CS(24.0%)处理的植株氮素含量相近，但S+SS处理(16.5%)显著低于S。在3个月的试验期结束时，对照土壤中的有效氮储量(植物量N+土壤无机N)是S+PM、S+CS和S+SS处理的51.5-71.5%，而植株产量仅为人工土壤的13.4-29.8%。这些结果表明，添加有机废物，特别是PM，对于恢复植被覆盖和稳定土壤灰层具有重要意义。研究还表明，在对照土壤中，氮素水平并不是植物生长的主要控制因素，而且也没有显示出磷、钾、钙或镁等常量营养素缺乏的证据。据推测，正如在热灭菌土壤中所发生的那样，对照加热土壤中的植物生物量的产生可能已经被热诱导的植物毒性化合物的产生所抑制，其负面影响被添加有机废物从微生物或化学上抑制。
The efficacy of three abundant organic wastes: poultry manure (PM), cattle slurry (CS) and sewage sludge (SS) for the reclamation of burnt soils was evaluated. A forest soil, previously furnace-heated in order to simulate exposure to a high-intensity wildfire, was labelled with nitrogen-15 (15N) to evaluate the contribution of N derived from the organic waste to the burnt soil and vegetation. Four treatments were performed with the heated15N-labelled soil: an unamended control soil (S) and three waste amended soils (S+PM, S+CS and S+SS) at a dose waste of 167mg total N kg–1soil.Lolium perennewas grown in all the pots for 3 months. In each treatment the phytomass produced and its N content decreased significantly in the following order of treatments: S+PM S+CS > S+SS S. The percentage of plant N derived from the waste was similar in the S+PM (22.8%) and S+CS (24.0%) treatments, but significantly lower in the S+SS treatment (16.5%). At the end of the 3 month experimental period, the available N reserves (phytomass N+soil inorganic N) in the control soil accounted for 51.5–71.5% of those in the S+PM, S+CS and S+SS treatments, whereas the yield of the plants was only 13.4–29.8% of that in the manured soils. These results demonstrated the importance of the addition of organic wastes, particularly PM, for the recovery of the vegetation cover and for the stabilization of the soil ash layer. They also showed that the level of N was not the main controlling factor of plant growth in the control soil, which, moreover, did not show evidence of a shortage of macronutrients, i.e. phosphorus, potassium, calcium or magnesium. It is hypothesized that, as occurs in heat-sterilized soils, phytomass production in the control-heated soil could have been inhibited by the heat-induced production of phytotoxic compounds, their negative effects being microbially or chemically suppressed by the addition of organic wastes.