Boron deficiency in wheat: A review
Boron deficiency in wheat: A review
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DOI：
10.1016/j.fcr.2004.01.022
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发表时间：
2004-10
影响因子：
5.8
通讯作者：
B. Rerkasem;S. Jamjod
中科院分区：
文献类型：
--
作者：
B. Rerkasem;S. Jamjod
虽然谷物通常被认为对硼(B)缺乏不敏感，但自20世纪60年代以来，世界上许多小麦种植国都报道了缺硼事件。迄今为止报道的小麦缺B最广泛的地区是尼泊尔东部、印度东北部和孟加拉国西北部的毗邻地区，一直到中国西南部。小麦比水稻和玉米，以及一些双子叶植物，包括大豆和绿豆，更容易缺乏维生素B。尽管有报道称B缺乏对小麦生长发育的许多过程产生不利影响，但B缺乏主要通过籽粒结实率下降来抑制商品小麦产量，而籽粒结实率下降又由雄性不育引起。研究发现，当小麦花药单位干重的B浓度达到限制营养生长的10倍时，其功能受到损害。小麦基因型对低硼土壤的适应差异很大。硼高效基因型可以在低硼土壤上正常生长和产量，在低硼土壤中，低硼基因型受到缺硼的不利影响，根本不出粒。大多数发展中国家小麦新品种所依赖的国际玉米和小麦改良中心（CIMMYT）提供的国际种质资源在很大程度上是低效的。世界上低硼土壤种植区的小麦生产应大大受益于提高国际重要种质的硼效率。这应该是高度可行的，因为已经发现了一些B高效的高级育种品系，B效率在主基因的控制下。
Although cereals are generally considered to be insensitive to boron (B) deficiency, incidences of B deficiency have been reported from many of the world’s wheat growing countries since the 1960s. The most extensive region of B deficiency in wheat so far reported is the adjoining area of eastern Nepal, northeastern India and northwestern Bangladesh, through to southwestern China. Wheat is more prone to B deficiency than rice and maize, and some dicotyledons including soybean and mungbean. Although it has been reported to adversely affect many processes of wheat growth and development, B deficiency depresses commercial wheat yield primarily through grain set failure, which is in turn caused by male sterility. The function of wheat anthers has been found to be impaired when their B concentration per unit dry weight was 10 times that found limiting for vegetative growth. Wheat genotypes vary greatly in their adaptation to low B soils. Boron efficient genotypes may grow and yield normally on low B soils in which inefficient genotypes are so adversely affected by B deficiency that they set no grain at all. International germplasm from the International Maize and Wheat Improvement Centre (CIMMYT) on which most developing countries depend for their new wheat cultivars is largely B inefficient. Wheat production in the world’s growing areas on low B soils should greatly benefit from increasing B efficiency in internationally important germplasm. This should be highly feasible as a few B efficient advanced breeding lines have already been identified and B efficiency is under the control of major genes.