CD8+ cell anti-HIV activity: nonlytic suppression of virus replication.
CD8+ cell anti-HIV activity: nonlytic suppression of virus replication.
复制标题
CD8 细胞抗 HIV 活性：非裂解性抑制病毒复制。
DOI：
10.1089/aid.1992.8.1039
复制
发表时间：
1992
影响因子：
1.5
通讯作者：
Levy,JA
中科院分区：
文献类型：
--
作者：
Mackewicz,C;Levy,JA
获得性免疫缺陷综合症（艾滋病）的特点是免疫系统缓慢恶化，据信是由于病毒主要靶细胞CD4+淋巴细胞的丧失所致。这种效应在宿主体内各种机会性感染和某些类型的癌症的发展中得到了最显着的体现。“艾滋病毒的结果”。感染可能受到许多因素的影响，包括（1）病毒的特征，例如宿主范围、复制能力、细胞病变性及其突变能力；（2）体液和细胞免疫反应；（3）免疫反应。 (3)个体的基因组成可能影响细胞对病毒感染的易感性以及对病毒的免疫反应的程度和特异性。特别令人感兴趣的是，尽管针对病毒的免疫反应明显正常，但病毒如何在宿主体内持续存在。大多数 HIV 感染者至少在感染的早期阶段会产生抗体反应，能够中和病毒，2'3 并介导抗体依赖性细胞毒性 (ADCC) 4' 6 和受感染细胞的补体依赖性裂解。7·8 大多数经典细胞介导的机制也被发现在 HIV 感染期间存在，包括自然杀伤 (NK) 细胞活性，9·10 ADCC 介导巨噬细胞和 NK 细胞、4" 6 和 CD8+ T 细胞效应功能。"·'2 对于后者，通常在对抗病毒感染中很重要的抗原特异性细胞毒性淋巴细胞 (CTL) 在 HIV 感染中很容易检测到，它们已在多种组织中得到证实，并且能够裂解表达 HIV 蛋白（包括 env、gag、pol、nef 和 ví/）的靶细胞。
Acquiredimmunodeficiency syndrome (AIDS) is charac¬ terized by the slow deterioration of the immune system, believed to result from the loss of CD4+ lymphocytes, the major target cell of the virus. This effect is most dramatically demon¬ strated by the development of a variety of opportunistic infec¬ tions and certain types of cancers in the host.'The outcome of HIV. infection is conceivably influenced by many factors, including (1) characteristics of the virus, such as host range, replicative ability, cytopathicity, and its ability to mutate;(2) the immune response, both humoral and cellular; and (3) the genetic makeup of the individual that may influence the susceptibility of cells to virus infection and the extent and specificity of the immune reaction to the virus. Of particular interest is how the virus persists in the host despite apparently normal immune responses against it. The majority of HIV-infected individuals mount, at least during the early stages of infection, an antibody response that is capable of neutralizing the virus, 2'3 as well as mediating antibody-depen¬ dent cellular cytotoxicity (ADCC) 4" 6 and complement-depen¬ dent lysis of infected cells. 7· 8 Most of the classicalcell-mediated mechanisms have also been found present during HIV infection, including natural killer (NK) cell activity, 9· 10 ADCC mediated by macrophages and NK cells, 4" 6 and CD8+ T-cell effector functions."·'2 In regard to the latter, antigen-specific cytotoxic lymphocytes (CTL), normally important in combating viral infections, are readily detectable in HIV infection. They have been demonstrated in various tissues and are capable of lysing target cells expressing HIV proteins including env, gag, pol, nef, and ví/. 11· 13" 15