All options, not silver bullets, needed to limit global warming to 1.5 °C: a scenario appraisal

All options, not silver bullets, needed to limit global warming to 1.5 °C: a scenario appraisal
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将全球变暖限制在 1.5°C 所需的所有选项(而非灵丹妙药):情景评估

DOI:
10.1088/1748-9326/abfeec
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发表时间:
2021
影响因子:
6.7
通讯作者:
Warszawski L
Warszawski L
中科院分区:
环境科学与生态学2区
文献类型:
--
作者:
Warszawski L

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气候科学提供了强有力的证据,证明有必要根据巴黎气候协定将全球变暖限制在1. 5摄氏度以内。IPCC 1.5 C特别报告(SR 1)5)该报告提出了414种排放情景模型,其中约50种被归类为“1.5 C的温室气体”,没有或只有很低的温度超调。这些排放情景的不同之处在于它们对各个缓解杠杆的依赖,包括减少全球能源需求,能源生产脱碳,土地管理系统的发展以及部署二氧化碳清除(CDR)技术的速度和规模。1.5C情景对这些杠杆的依赖需要根据相关技术和推出计划的潜力进行严格评估。我们使用一组五个参数来捆绑和重新配置SR 1中采用的缓解杠杆。5 1.5 C情景。对于这些杠杆中的每一个,我们利用文献来定义“中等”和“高”的上限,这些上限在世纪中期的“合理”、“具有挑战性”和“投机性”使用之间划定。我们没有发现任何1.5 C的情况下,留在所有中等上限的五个缓解杠杆。情景中最经常“过度使用”的是以地质封存作为缓解杠杆的碳减排,而减少能源需求和能源生产的碳强度则不太经常“过度使用”。如果我们允许缓解杠杆被使用到我们的上限,我们就剩下22个SR 1。5 1.5 C场景,无或低过冲。与超过至少一个上限的情景相比,满足这些标准的情景的特点是,现有缓解杠杆的覆盖面更大。当排除超过SR 1的两个场景时。5将全球变暖限制在1. 5 C的碳预算,这一1. 5 C情景的子集显示了2030年排放量的范围为15-22 Gt CO 2(16-22 Gt CO 2四分位数范围)。二氧化碳净零排放年份的范围是2039-2061年(2049-2057年四分位数范围)。
Climate science provides strong evidence of the necessity of limiting global warming to 1.5 C, in line with the Paris Climate Agreement. The IPCC 1.5 C special report (SR1. 5) presents 414 emissions scenarios modelled for the report, of which around 50 are classified as' 1.5 C scenarios', with no or low temperature overshoot. These emission scenarios differ in their reliance on individual mitigation levers, including reduction of global energy demand, decarbonisation of energy production, development of land-management systems, and the pace and scale of deploying carbon dioxide removal (CDR) technologies. The reliance of 1.5 C scenarios on these levers needs to be critically assessed in light of the potentials of the relevant technologies and roll-out plans. We use a set of five parameters to bundle and characterise the mitigation levers employed in the SR1. 5 1.5 C scenarios. For each of these levers, we draw on the literature to define'medium'and'high'upper bounds that delineate between their'reasonable','challenging'and'speculative'use by mid century. We do not find any 1.5 C scenarios that stay within all medium upper bounds on the five mitigation levers. Scenarios most frequently'over use'CDR with geological storage as a mitigation lever, whilst reductions of energy demand and carbon intensity of energy production are'over used'less frequently. If we allow mitigation levers to be employed up to our high upper bounds, we are left with 22 of the SR1. 5 1.5 C scenarios with no or low overshoot. The scenarios that fulfil these criteria are characterised by greater coverage of the available mitigation levers than those scenarios that exceed at least one of the high upper bounds. When excluding the two scenarios that exceed the SR1. 5 carbon budget for limiting global warming to 1.5 C, this subset of 1.5 C scenarios shows a range of 15–22 Gt CO 2 (16–22 Gt CO 2 interquartile range) for emissions in 2030. For the year of reaching net zero CO 2 emissions the range is 2039–2061 (2049–2057 interquartile range).
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