Gating and habituation of the startle reflex in schizophrenic patients.
Gating and habituation of the startle reflex in schizophrenic patients.
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DOI：
10.1001/archpsyc.1992.01820030038005
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发表时间：
1992-03
影响因子：
--
通讯作者：
D. Braff;C. Grillon;M. Geyer
中科院分区：
文献类型：
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作者：
D. Braff;C. Grillon;M. Geyer
·精神分裂症患者在许多范例中都表现出感觉运动门控和习惯化方面的障碍。通过人类和动物模型研究，这些基本认知缺陷具有良好的神经生物学基础，并为精神分裂症谱系障碍患者的神经解剖学和神经递质异常提供了见解。在这种情况下，惊吓反应特别有趣，因为它是对强烈刺激的跨物种反应，可以是可塑性的，也可以使用实验和神经生物操作来改变。对39名服药精神分裂症患者和37名正常对照受试者进行了一种新的基于肌电图学的惊吓反应范式的研究，在该范式中，脉冲前抑制(感觉运动门控的操作测量)和习惯化(对重复刺激的反应幅度随时间的正常下降)可以在一次测试中被分离和评估。结果表明，精神分裂症患者在通道内和跨通道感觉运动门控方面都存在广泛的缺陷，并有表现出听觉惊吓习惯化缺陷的趋势。当声学预脉冲刺激先于声学或触觉惊吓刺激时，精神分裂症患者表现出明显的脉冲前抑制惊吓幅度的缺陷。在预脉冲诱导的惊厥潜伏期易化中没有观察到缺陷，这表明门控失败不是由于刺激检测失败所致。这些发现表明，精神分裂症患者的感觉运动门控存在中枢调节缺陷。
• Schizophrenic patients exhibit impairments in both sensorimotor gating and habituation in a number of paradigms. Through human and animal model research, these fundamental cognitive deficits have well-described neurobiologic bases and offer insights into the neuroanatomic and neurotransmitter abnormalities that characterize patients with schizophrenic spectrum disorders. In this context, the startle response is particularly interesting, because it is a crossspecies response to strong stimuli that is plastic or alterable using experimental and neurobiologic manipulations. Thirty-nine medicated schizophrenic patients and 37 normal control subjects were studied in a new electromyography based startle response paradigm in which both prepulse inhibition (an operational measure of sensorimotor gating) and habituation (the normal decrease in response magnitude to repeated stimuli over time) can be separated and assessed in one test session. The results indicate that schizophrenic patients have extensive deficits in both intramodal and cross-modal sensorimotor gating and a trend to show acoustic startle habituation deficits. The deficit in prepulse inhibition of startle amplitude exhibited by schizophrenic patients was evident when an acoustic prepulse stimulus preceded either an acoustic or a tactile startle stimulus. No deficit was observed in the prepulseinduced facilitation of startle latencies, indicating that the failure of gating was not due to a failure of stimulus detection. These findings suggest centrally mediated deficits in sensorimotor gating in schizophrenic patients.