Revised time scales of RNA virus evolution based on spatial information
Revised time scales of RNA virus evolution based on spatial information
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DOI：
10.1098/rspb.2017.0857
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发表时间：
2017-08-16
影响因子：
4.7
通讯作者：
Heckel, Gerald
中科院分区：
文献类型：
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作者：
Saxenhofer, Moritz;de Melo, Vanessa Weber;Heckel, Gerald
病原体演变的时间尺度是公共卫生和兽医卫生、流行病学和进化生物学的主要关注点。确定病原体出现的时间通常依赖于从核苷酸序列数据得出的进化速率估计。对于许多病毒来说，这仅仅产生了几百年前进化起源的估计。在这里，我们证明，通过纳入从病毒采样的地理信息，进化年龄估计的两个欧洲汉他病毒被严重低估，因为普遍的突变饱和的核苷酸序列。我们检测到非常强的空间距离和遗传分化的普马拉和图拉汉坦病毒之间的关系，无论是否核苷酸或衍生的氨基酸序列进行了分析。根据这些关系推断，这些病毒的出现最保守的时间分别为至少3700年和2500年前。我们对这些汉坦病毒年龄的最低估计比目前非空间方法的结果早10到100倍，并且与这些病毒及其各自宿主的病毒学更好地一致。因此，空间信息可以为病原体进化的更深时间尺度提供有价值的见解，并提高我们对疾病出现的理解。
The time scales of pathogen evolution are of major concern in the context of public and veterinary health, epidemiology and evolutionary biology. Dating the emergence of a pathogen often relies on estimates of evolutionary rates derived from nucleotide sequence data. For many viruses, this has yielded estimates of evolutionary origins only a few hundred years in the past. Here we demonstrate through the incorporation of geographical information from virus sampling that evolutionary age estimates of two European hantaviruses are severely underestimated because of pervasive mutational saturation of nucleotide sequences. We detected very strong relationships between spatial distance and genetic divergence for both Puumala and Tula hantavirus-irrespective of whether nucleotide or derived amino acid sequences were analysed. Extrapolations from these relationships dated the emergence of these viruses most conservatively to at least 3700 and 2500 years ago, respectively. Our minimum estimates for the age of these hantaviruses are ten to a hundred times older than results from current non-spatial methods, and in much better accordance with the biogeography of these viruses and their respective hosts. Spatial information can thus provide valuable insights on the deeper time scales of pathogen evolution and improve our understanding of disease emergence.