Biomass production of upland vegetation types in England and Wales
Biomass production of upland vegetation types in England and Wales
复制标题
英格兰和威尔士高地植被类型的生物质生产
DOI：
10.1046/j.1365-2494.2002.00339.x
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发表时间：
2002
影响因子：
2.4
通讯作者：
J. Hossell
中科院分区：
文献类型：
--
作者：
J. Milne;R. Pakeman;F. Kirkham;I. Jones;J. Hossell
摘要本研究的目的是描述英国高地的六种植物物种或群落--物种或群落对于高地的管理很重要，以实现生物多样性和农业目标。在1995年，1996年和1997年，在英格兰和威尔士的六个地区内的网站确定的年度和季节性生产的活生物量。这六个地区分别是英格兰东北部、英格兰西北部、北奔宁山脉、南奔宁山脉、英格兰西南部和威尔士。在每个区域，使用陆地生态研究所的土地分类方案选择三到四个2 km × 2 km的正方形，其中包含C.普通植物和高地草原植物。从每个2 km × 2 km的正方形中选择1 ha的均匀地块，在每个采样时刻进行三次测量。在1.0 × 0.5-m的样方内，采用相同的标准程序测量每个物种或群落的生物量。对大果栎先锋期、建成期、成熟期和退化期的当年生枝条的年生产量进行了测定。vulgaris和欧洲葡萄在10月份进行了生物量测定，结果表明，欧洲葡萄在10月份进行了生物量测定。stricta，M. caerulea和E.八月的阴道对剪股颖-羊茅草地进行模拟放牧，每隔8周进行一次4 cm的切割。活生物量的年产量估计为生长季节四次收获的总和。还在4月、6月、8月和10月对所有物种的活生物量进行了季节性测量。梭vulgaris的当年生枝条的年生产量在先锋期、建立期、成熟期和退化期之间存在显著差异（P = 0.05），年龄越大、生物量越高的当年生枝条的年生产量越大。有显着的年度（P <0.05）和地区（P <0.05）的影响，与最低产量在1995年和英格兰西南部。这些值高于苏格兰以前的研究中观察到的值，这些值被解释为与较长的生长季节而不是较高的夏季温度有关。不同年份、不同地区的欧洲葡萄年产量差异不大。对于草种，有几年和地区之间的年生产活生物量的差异很小。但在一定的条件下，N. 1995年的stricta显著（P <0.01）低于1996年和1997年，南奔宁山脉地区显著（P <0.001）低于其他地区。一系列的天气和其他环境变量对每种草的活生物量的年产量的影响进行了探讨，但他们只提供了一个有限的洞察观察到的差异的原因，并被发现是有限的价值作为预测。
Abstract The objective of the study was to describe the annual and seasonal production of live biomass of six plant species or communities of the uplands of the UK –Calluna vulgaris, Vaccinium myrtillus, Nardus stricta, Molinia caerulea, Eriophorum vaginatum and Agrostis–Festuca grassland. The species or communities are important for the management of the uplands to meet both biodiversity and agriculture objectives. The annual and seasonal production of live biomass was determined for sites within six regions of England and Wales in 1995, 1996 and 1997. The six regions were North-east England, North-west England, North Pennines, South Pennines, South-west England and Wales. In each region, the Institute of Terrestrial Ecology's Land Classification Scheme was used to select three or four 2 km × 2 km squares that contained a mosaic of C. vulgaris and upland grassland plant species. Uniform plots of 1 ha were selected from each 2 km × 2 km square, within which three measurements were made on each sampling occasion. Biomass of each species or community was measured within 1·0 × 0·5-m quadrats using the same standard procedures. Measurements of annual production of current season's shoots of the pioneer, building, mature and degenerate phases of C. vulgaris and of V. myrtillus were made in October, and of the annual production of live biomass of N. stricta, M. caerulea and E. vaginatum in August. A simulated grazing regime was imposed for the Agrostis–Festuca grassland with cuts being made to a height of 4 cm at 8-week intervals. The annual production of live biomass produced was estimated as the sum of four harvests taken during the growing season. Seasonal measurements of the amount of live biomass of all the species were also made in April, June, August and October. For C. vulgaris, there were significant (P = 0·05) differences between the pioneer, building, mature and degenerate phases in the annual production of current season's shoots, with greater amounts being produced by the phases of greater age and with higher biomass. There were significant year (P < 0·05) and region (P < 0·05) effects, with the lowest production in 1995 and in the South-west of England. The values were higher than those observed in previous studies in Scotland, and these were interpreted as being associated with a longer growing season rather than higher summer temperatures. There was no difference between years and regions in the annual production of V. myrtillus. For the grass species, there were small differences in annual production of live biomass between years and regions. However, the annual production of live biomass of N. stricta was significantly (P < 0·01) lower in 1995 than in 1996 and 1997 and significantly (P < 0·001) lower in the South Pennines region than elsewhere. The effect of a range of weather and other environmental variables on the annual production of live biomass of each species of grass was explored, but they provided only a limited insight into the reasons for the observed differences and were found to be of limited value as predictors.