The scales of human mobility
The scales of human mobility
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DOI：
10.1038/s41586-020-2909-1
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发表时间：
2020-11-19
期刊：
影响因子：
64.8
通讯作者：
Lehmann, Sune
中科院分区：
文献类型：
--
作者：
Alessandretti, Laura;Aslak, Ulf;Lehmann, Sune
一个模型表明，人类的流动性是有组织的分层容器，符合熟悉的规模和幂律分布出现时，不同的容器之间的运动相结合，有一个矛盾的核心，我们目前的理解个人和集体的流动模式。一方面，一个高度影响力的机构的文献对人类流动的大量经验数据集的分析驱动发现，人类运动的特征空间尺度没有证据。在那里，人类的流动性被描述为无标度（1-3）。另一方面，在地理上，规模的概念-指的是从单个建筑到社区，城市，地区和国家的有意义的描述水平-是描述人类行为的各个方面的核心，例如社会经济互动，或政治和文化动态（4，5）。在这里，我们解决这个明显的悖论，表明日常的人类流动性确实包含有意义的规模，对应的空间“容器”，限制流动行为。无标度结果来自于容器间位移的聚合。我们提出了一个简单的模型，它给出了一个人的概率推断他们的邻居，城市等，以及这些地理容器的大小。我们发现，这些容器--表征了70多万个体的轨迹--确实有典型的大小。我们表明，我们的模型也能够生成高度现实的轨迹，并提供了一种方法来了解不同国家，性别群体和城乡地区的流动行为差异。
A model shows that human mobility is organized within hierarchical containers that coincide with familiar scales and that a power-law distribution emerges when movements between different containers are combined.There is a contradiction at the heart of our current understanding of individual and collective mobility patterns. On the one hand, a highly influential body of literature on human mobility driven by analyses of massive empirical datasets finds that human movements show no evidence of characteristic spatial scales. There, human mobility is described as scale free(1-3). On the other hand, geographically, the concept of scale-referring to meaningful levels of description from individual buildings to neighbourhoods, cities, regions and countries-is central for the description of various aspects of human behaviour, such as socioeconomic interactions, or political and cultural dynamics(4,5). Here we resolve this apparent paradox by showing that day-to-day human mobility does indeed contain meaningful scales, corresponding to spatial 'containers' that restrict mobility behaviour. The scale-free results arise from aggregating displacements across containers. We present a simple model-which given a person's trajectory-infers their neighbourhood, city and so on, as well as the sizes of these geographical containers. We find that the containers-characterizing the trajectories of more than 700,000 individuals-do indeed have typical sizes. We show that our model is also able to generate highly realistic trajectories and provides a way to understand the differences in mobility behaviour across countries, gender groups and urban-rural areas.