Modelling of self-driven particles: Foraging ants and pedestrians
Modelling of self-driven particles: Foraging ants and pedestrians
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DOI：
10.1016/j.physa.2006.05.016
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发表时间：
2006-12-01
影响因子：
3.3
通讯作者：
Chowdhury, Debashish
中科院分区：
文献类型：
--
作者：
Nishinari, Katsuhiro;Sugawara, Ken;Chowdhury, Debashish
本文统一研究了蚂蚁和行人的行为模型。每只蚂蚁都跟随前面的蚂蚁投放的信息素，因此在地面上形成了一条小径，而行人也试图跟随人群中的其他人，以便有效和安全地行走。为了提高计算效率，仅使用局部更新规则将以下行为纳入我们的随机模型中。证明了蚂蚁踪迹模型中蚂蚁的平均速度对蚂蚁密度的非单调依赖性，这可以用零程过程很好地分析。我们还表明，这种异常行为在多个机器人的实验中被清楚地观察到。其次，讨论了研究行人疏散动力学的蚁迹模型和地板场模型之间的关系。后者被认为是一个二维推广的蚂蚁足迹模型，其中的信息素被替换为足迹。模拟结果表明，对行人的小扰动有时会避免拥堵，从而允许安全疏散。(c)2006 Elsevier B.V.保留所有权利。
Models for the behavior of ants and pedestrians are studied in a unified way in this paper. Each ant follows pheromone put by preceding ants, hence creating a trail on the ground, while pedestrians also try to follow others in a crowd for efficient and safe walking. These following behaviors are incorporated in our stochastic models by using only local update rules for computational efficiency. It is demonstrated that the ant trail model shows a unusual non-monotonic dependence of the average speed of the ants on their density, which can be well analyzed by the zero-range process. We also show that this anomalous behavior is clearly observed in an experiment of multiple robots. Next, the relation between the ant trail model and the floor field model for studying evacuation dynamics of pedestrians is discussed. The latter is regarded as a two-dimensional generalization of the ant trail model, where the pheromone is replaced by footprints. It is shown from simulations that small perturbations to pedestrians will sometimes avoid congestion and hence allow safe evacuation. (c) 2006 Elsevier B.V. All rights reserved.