Characterising groundwater resilience to climate change in Africa
Characterising groundwater resilience to climate change in Africa
复制标题
描述非洲地下水对气候变化的适应能力
DOI：
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发表时间：
2012
期刊：
影响因子：
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通讯作者：
D. Lapworth
中科院分区：
文献类型：
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作者：
A. MacDonald;H. Bonsor;B. O. Dochartaigh;R. Taylor;R. Calow;L. Maurice;D. Lapworth
在非洲，地下水是饮用水的主要来源，预计用于灌溉的地下水将大幅增加，以应对日益严重的粮食不安全问题。人口增长将给水资源带来额外的压力，因此了解和描述地下水对气候变化的适应能力变得越来越重要。在这里，我们介绍了一个描述和绘制非洲地下水恢复力的主要项目的结果。我们提供了地下水弹性的一些定义，借鉴了生态学中弹性一词的更成熟的使用，并以集中的实地研究为依据。地下水对长期（年代际）气候变化的恢复能力受可用地下水储存量的支配；对短期（年际）气候冲击的恢复力也主要受储水量的影响，但也受到地下水系统长期平均（十年）补给的影响，这将有助于系统更快地恢复。对许多人来说，更紧迫的问题是依赖地下水的供水服务的恢复能力，而不是实际的地下水资源本身。这项研究强调了针对含水层中最具生产力的部分改善供水的可持续性。因此，为了估计水源对气候变化的恢复能力，含水层渗透率应与储水量和长期补给一起考虑。
In Africa, groundwater is the major source of drinking water and its use for irrigation is forecast to increase substantially to combat growing food insecurity. Population growth will put additional pressures on the resource making it increasingly important to understand and characterise the resilience of groundwater to climate change. Here we present the results of a major project to characterise and map groundwater resilience in Africa. We offer some definitions of groundwater resilience drawing on the more established use of the term resilience in ecology and substantiated with focussed field studies. Groundwater resilience to long term (decadal) shifts in climate is governed by the available groundwater storage; resilience to shorter term (inter annual) climate shocks is also dominated by storage but is also influenced by the long term average (decadal) recharge to the groundwater system which will help the system recover more quickly. For many people the more pressing issue is the resilience of the water services dependant on groundwater rather than the actual groundwater resource itself. The research highlights the increased sustainability of improved water supplies targeted to the most productive parts of the aquifer. Therefore, for estimating the resilience of water sources to changes in climate, the aquifer permeability should be considered alongside storage and long term recharge.