Blood carbon monoxide and hydrogen cyanide concentrations in the fatalities of fire and non-fire associated civil aviation accidents, 1991-1998
Blood carbon monoxide and hydrogen cyanide concentrations in the fatalities of fire and non-fire associated civil aviation accidents, 1991-1998
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DOI：
10.1016/s0379-0738(01)00400-5
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发表时间：
2001-10-01
影响因子：
2.2
通讯作者：
Canfield, DV
中科院分区：
文献类型：
--
作者：
Chaturvedi, AK;Smith, DR;Canfield, DV
提交给民用航空医学研究所(CAMI)的航空事故死亡人员的血液样本被分析为一氧化碳(CO)、碳氧血红蛋白(COHb)和氰化氢(CN-)。进行这些分析是为了确定受害者可能暴露在飞行中/坠机后火灾的烟雾中，或暴露在有故障的排气/供暖系统的一氧化碳中。血液中这两种气体的存在表明受害者还活着，并吸入了烟雾。如果只是COHb升高，事故(或死亡)可能是室内CO污染的结果。关于与相关事故有关的航空事故中这些气体的血液水平的信息很分散或没有，特别是关于毒性的信息。因此，考虑到COHb大于或等于10%和CN-大于或等于0.25微克/毫升就足以产生一定程度的毒理效应，因此从CAMI数据库中提取了必要的信息。在1991至1998年间发生的2837宗航空意外中，有3857名死者的样本收到1012宗与火警有关的意外，其中1571宗(41%)与火警有关，而1820宗则与火警无关。其余五宗意外的火警情况不详。与火灾有关的死亡和相关事故，COHb大于或等于10%和CN-大于或等于0.25mug/ml类别比(COHb<；10%和CN-0.25mug/ml)类别更少。前一类没有记录飞行中起火，但后一类中报告了14起飞行中起火事故(18人死亡)。没有发现非火灾事故死亡，其中两种气体的水平被确定为等于或高于所述水平。非火灾事故15起，死亡17人，仅COHb升高(10%~69%)。本研究表明，航空火灾事故/死亡人数少于航空非火灾事故/死亡人数，并证实与飞行中起火和受一氧化碳污染的内部设备有关的航空事故很少发生。爱思唯尔科学爱尔兰有限公司出版。
Blood samples submitted to the Civil Aeromedical Institute (CAMI) from aviation accident fatalities are analyzed for carbon monoxide (CO), as carboxyhemoglobin (COHb), and hydrogen cyanide, as cyanide (CN-). These analyses are performed to establish possible exposure of victims to smoke from in-flight/post-crash fires or to CO from faulty exhaust/heating systems. The presence of both gases in blood would suggest that the victim was alive and inhaled smoke. If only COHb is elevated, the accident (or a death) could be the result of CO contamination of the interior. Information pertaining to blood levels of these gases in aviation fatalities, in relation to the associated accidents, is scattered or not available, particularly with regard to toxicity. Therefore, considering that COHb greater than or equal to 10% and CN- greater than or equal to 0.25 mug/ml are sufficient to produce some degree of toxicological effects, the necessary information was extracted from the CAMI database. Samples from 3857 fatalities of 2837 aviation accidents, occurring during 1991-1998, were received 1012 accidents, encompassing 1571 (41%) fatalities, were fire associated, whereas 1820 accidents were non-fire related. The remaining five accidents were of unknown fire status. There were fewer fire related fatalities and associated accidents in the (COHb greater than or equal to 10% and CN- greater than or equal to 0.25 mug/ml) category than that in the (COHb < 10% and CN- < 0.25 mug/ml) category. No in-flight fire was documented in the former category, but in-flight fires were reported in 14 accidents (18 fatalities) in the latter category. No non-fire accident fatality was found wherein levels of both gases were determined to be at or above the stated levels. There were 15 non-fire accidents with 17 fatalities wherein only COHb (10-69%) was elevated. The present study suggests that aviation fire accidents/fatalities were fewer than aviation non-fire accidents/fatalities and confirms that aviation accidents related to in-flight fires and CO-contaminated interiors are rare. Published by Elsevier Science Ireland Ltd.