Influence of the Interviewer on the Accuracy of Survey Results
Influence of the Interviewer on the Accuracy of Survey Results
复制标题
访谈员对调查结果准确性的影响
DOI：
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发表时间：
1958
期刊：
影响因子：
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通讯作者：
E. Marks
中科院分区：
文献类型：
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作者：
R. H. Hanson;E. Marks
摘要本文报道了一项大规模的调查结果，调查者对调查结果的影响。在发现面试官对结果有显著影响的地方，重要的因素似乎是（1）面试官对给定问题的“抵抗”，即，倾向于省略或改变问题和/或假设答案;（2）询问的概念或措辞相对高度的模糊性、“主观性”或复杂性;（3）额外询问（“试探”）倾向于改变最初答复的程度。该研究还调查了面试官的表现与面试官特征的关系，这些特征包括：（1）一些测试的分数;（2）年龄、性别、职业、教育等个人特征;（3）对受访者反应的态度和期望。至少有一个衡量枚举质量差的指标（不适当遗漏的人口普查条目的数量）似乎与年龄、一些考试成绩和经验有很大的相关性。
Abstract This paper reports results of a large scale study of the effect of interviewers on survey results. Where significant effects of the interviewer upon the results are found, the important factors appear to be (1) interviewer “resistance” to a given question—i.e., a tendency to omit or alter the question and/or to assume the answer; (2) relatively high ambiguity, “subjectivity,” or complexity in the concept or wording of the inquiry; (3) the degree to which additional questioning (“probing”) tends to alter initial respondent replies. The study also investigated the relationship of interviewer performance to interviewer characteristics as given by (1) scores on a number of tests; (2) by such personal characteristics as age, sex, occupation, education; and (3) by attitudes toward, and expectations of respondent reactions. At least one measure of poor quality of enumeration (number of improperly omitted Census entries) seems to show substantial correlation with age, with some test scores, and with expe...