New Actors in a Financialised Economy and the Remaking of Capitalism
New Actors in a Financialised Economy and the Remaking of Capitalism
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金融化经济中的新角色与资本主义的重塑
DOI：
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发表时间：
2007
期刊：
影响因子：
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通讯作者：
K. Williams
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文献类型：
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作者：
J. Froud;A. Leaver;K. Williams
资本主义这个术语带有大量的时代错误、非反身性、非解构性的包袱。“c”这个词唤起了一种具有不可分割的内在原则的物化体系的想法，因此资本主义是一种体系，对于马克思主义者来说，它是通过提取剩余价值的必要性而统一的，或者对于政治经济学家来说，它是通过动员资本和劳动力进行生产的制度形式而统一的。这些概念意味着多重表达背后的单一性，并承诺资本主义可以实现结构稳定，例如，在马克思主义积累制度或制度配置（如国家模式）中，经济表现相关。因此，监管主义者等待一致性的恢复已经有一代人的时间。这也许忽略了关于资本主义的一点，尤其是关于当代资本主义的一点，我们可以称之为20/ 21资本主义，以区别于历史上的一系列前辈。资本主义的显著特点是它的流动性和足智多谋，因为正如历史学家布罗代尔所观察到的那样，资本主义经常生病，但永远不会死亡。在今天，20/21资本主义的这种流动性通过再分配和重新安置的过程发挥作用，这些过程是强大的，清晰的，经常被误解或隐藏，正如我们可以看到的那样，如果我们考虑金融和金融化的作用。如果我们的目标是重塑20/21资本主义，那么当我们审视自20世纪70年代和布雷顿森林体系崩溃以来的整个时期时，很难避免这样的假设：金融是资本主义流动性和足智多谋的重要驱动力。让我们开始总结三个不可避免的明显和已经熟悉的发展。首先，金融自由化和放松管制，加上数字技术和信息成本的下降，导致规模和范围的巨大扩张。
The term capitalism comes with a great deal of anachronistic, non-reflexive, non-deconstructed baggage. The ‘c word’ evokes the idea of a reified system with an immanent inner principle so that capitalism is a system unified for Marxists by the imperatives of extracting surplus value or unified for political economists by the institutional forms of mobilising capital and labour for production. Such notions imply a singularity behind multiple expression and held the promise that capitalism can reach structural stability as, for example, in a Marxist regime of accumulation or an institutional configuration such as a national model with economic performance correlates. Thus, the Regulationists have for a generation waited for the restoration of coherence. This perhaps misses the point about capitalism and more especially about present-day capitalism, which we might call 20/ 21 capitalism to distinguish it from the range of historical predecessors. The distinguishing general feature of capitalism is its mobility and resourcefulness because, as the historian Fernand Braudel observed, capitalism is often sick but never dies. In the present day, this mobility in 20/21 capitalism works through processes of redistribution and relocation which are powerful, variably articulated and often misunderstood or undisclosed, as we can see if we consider the role of finance and financialisation. If our object is the remaking of 20/21 capitalism, it is hard to avoid the supposition that finance is an important driver of its mobility and resourcefulness as we survey the whole period since the 1970s and the breakdown of BrettonWoods. Let us begin by summarising three inescapably obvious and already familiar developments. First, financial liberalisation and deregulation, combined with digital technology and falling costs of information, led to a huge expansion of scale and scope New Political Economy, Vol. 12, No. 3, September 2007