ADHD subjects fail to suppress eye blinks and microsaccades while anticipating visual stimuli but recover with medication
ADHD subjects fail to suppress eye blinks and microsaccades while anticipating visual stimuli but recover with medication
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DOI：
10.1016/j.visres.2014.05.004
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发表时间：
2014-08-01
期刊：
影响因子：
1.8
通讯作者：
Polat, Uri
中科院分区：
文献类型：
--
作者：
Fried, Moshe;Tsitsiashvili, Eteri;Polat, Uri
眼动行为和参数是已知的注意力分配的影响，并可能被用来调查注意力障碍。我们探讨了注意力缺陷多动障碍（ADHD）的眼部标志物，这些标志物是非自愿的和定量的，可用于揭示核心影响机制，以及用于鉴别诊断。我们记录了一组22名ADHD诊断患者的眼球运动，有和没有药物（哌甲酯）和22名对照观察员，同时进行测试的变量的注意力（t.o.v.a.）。我们发现，ADHD组的平均微扫视和眨眼率较高，特别是在刺激开始的时间间隔内。两组的这些比率都随着治疗时间的推移而单调增加，但在未用药的ADHD组中增加得更快。在药物治疗的情况下，无论试验的时间间隔如何，微扫视率的水平和时间过程都完全标准化为对照水平。相反，瞳孔直径随着时间的推移而减少，并显着增加，高于对照水平与药物。我们解释了微跳和眨眼周围的刺激发作的抑制，反映了一个时间的预期机制的瞬时分配的注意力，和他们的整体利率，反向反映唤醒水平。我们认为ADHD受试者在简单和长时间的任务中无法保持足够的唤醒水平，这限制了他们在预期视觉刺激时动态分配注意力的能力。这种损害通过药物治疗正常化，其眼部定量可能用于鉴别诊断。(C)2014爱思唯尔有限公司版权所有。
Oculomotor behavior and parameters are known to be affected by the allocation of attention and could potentially be used to investigate attention disorders. We explored the oculomotor markers of Attention-deficit/hyperactivity disorder (ADHD) that are involuntary and quantitative and that could be used to reveal the core-affected mechanisms, as well as be used for differential diagnosis. We recorded eye movements in a group of 22 ADHD-diagnosed patients with and without medication (methylphenidate) and in 22 control observers while performing the test of variables of attention (t.o.v.a.). We found that the average microsaccade and blink rates were higher in the ADHD group, especially in the time interval around stimulus onset. These rates increased monotonically over session time for both groups, but with significantly faster increments in the unmedicated ADHD group. With medication, the level and time course of the microsaccade rate were fully normalized to the control level, regardless of the time interval within trials. In contrast, the pupil diameter decreased over time within sessions and significantly increased above the control level with medication. We interpreted the suppression of microsaccades and eye blinks around the stimulus onset as reflecting a temporal anticipation mechanism for the transient allocation of attention, and their overall rates as inversely reflecting the level of arousal. We suggest that ADHD subjects fail to maintain sufficient levels of arousal during a simple and prolonged task, which limits their ability to dynamically allocate attention while anticipating visual stimuli. This impairment normalizes with medication and its oculomotor quantification could potentially be used for differential diagnosis. (C) 2014 Elsevier Ltd. All rights reserved.