Self-organized pedestrian crowd dynamics: Experiments, simulations, and design solutions
Self-organized pedestrian crowd dynamics: Experiments, simulations, and design solutions
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DOI：
10.1287/trsc.1040.0108
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发表时间：
2005-02-01
影响因子：
4.6
通讯作者：
Werner, T
中科院分区：
文献类型：
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作者：
Helbing, D;Buzna, L;Werner, T
为了测试行人流的模拟模型，我们对走廊、瓶颈区域和交叉口进行了实验。我们的视频记录的评估表明，几何边界条件不仅是相关的行人设施的元素的能力，他们也影响行人的时间间隔分布，表明存在自组织现象。在校正合适的模型后，这些研究结果可用于改善行人设施和出口路线的设计元素。事实证明，“障碍物”可以稳定流动模式，使其更具流动性。此外，交叉流可以优化，利用“条纹形成”的现象。“我们还建议增加体育场、剧院和演讲霍尔斯的出口通道直径，以避免后面的人等待时间过长，以及在紧急疏散时因不耐烦而产生的冲击波。此外，金字塔形的几何形状和圆柱可以减少恐慌人群的压力。预计拟议的设计解决方案将在未来提高火车站、机场航站楼、体育场、剧院、公共建筑和大型活动的效率和安全性。作为应用实例，我们提到了客船的疏散和Jamarat桥上朝圣者流的模拟。自适应逃生引导系统，最佳的方式系统，和城市行人流的模拟，以及解决。
To test simulation models of pedestrian flows, we have performed experiments for corridors, bottleneck areas, and intersections. Our evaluations of video recordings show that the geometric boundary conditions are not only relevant for the capacity of the elements of pedestrian facilities, they also influence the time gap distribution of pedestrians, indicating the existence of self-organization phenomena. After calibration of suitable models, these findings can be used to improve design elements of pedestrian facilities and egress routes. It turns out that "obstacles" can stabilize flow patterns and make them more fluid. Moreover, intersecting flows can be optimized, utilizing the phenomenon of "stripe formation." We also suggest increasing diameters of egress routes in stadia, theaters, and lecture halls to avoid long waiting times for people in the back, and shock waves due to impatience in cases of emergency evacuation. Moreover, zigzag-shaped geometries and columns can reduce the pressure in panicking crowds. The proposed design solutions are expected to increase the efficiency and safety of train stations, airport terminals, stadia, theaters, public buildings, and mass events in the future. As application examples we mention the evacuation of passenger ships and the simulation of pilgrim streams on the Jamarat bridge. Adaptive escape guidance systems, optimal way systems, and simulations of urban pedestrian flow's are addressed as well.