PBDEs in leachates from municipal solid waste dumping sites in tropical Asian countries : phase distribution and debromination
PBDEs in leachates from municipal solid waste dumping sites in tropical Asian countries : phase distribution and debromination
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亚洲热带国家城市固体废物倾倒场渗滤液中的多溴联苯醚：相分布和脱溴
DOI：
10.1007/s11356-012-1365-3
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发表时间：
2013
影响因子：
5.8
通讯作者：
他(全9名)
中科院分区：
文献类型：
--
作者：
Kwan;C.;Takada;H.;他(全9名)
多溴联苯醚（PBDEs）被广泛用作许多消费品中的阻燃剂，垃圾填埋场的沥滤物已被确定为环境中PBDEs的可能来源之一。与此同时，过去十年来，一些亚洲国家的经济和人口空前增长，导致该区域含有多溴二苯醚的废物数量大幅增加。本研究调查了热带亚洲国家城市固体废物倾倒场（MSWDS）沥滤液中多溴二苯醚的状况。2002年至2010年，从老挝人民民主共和国、柬埔寨、越南、印度、印度尼西亚、泰国、菲律宾和马来西亚等八个国家的十个城市生活垃圾填埋场收集的渗滤液样本中，共测量了46种多溴二苯醚同系物，包括吸附（n= 24）和溶解（n= 16）阶段。多溴二苯醚主要存在于吸附相中。多溴二苯醚在溶解相中的分配与溶解有机物的存在有关;溴二苯醚同系物的表观有机碳标准化分配系数（K′oc）比根据辛醇-水分配系数（Kow）预测的K ′ oc低两到四个数量级。从一溴二苯醚到十溴二苯醚的多溴二苯醚总浓度范围为3.7至133，000纳克/升，在人口较多和工业化程度较高的亚洲国家中，浓度呈现出较高的趋势。沥滤液中的同系物分布基本上反映了多溴二苯醚工业混合物的组成。技术产品中出现不含或痕量浓度的同系物（例如，在大多数浸漏液样本中观察到BDE-208、207、206、202、188、179、49、17/25、8、1），表明热带亚洲国家的MSW DS中包括BDE-209在内的工业混合物发生了脱溴作用。此外，时间趋势表明，BDE-209会随着时间的推移而减少，而溴化程度较低的多溴二苯醚同系物会相应增加和/或出现。结果表明，热带亚洲国家的垃圾焚烧废弃物是环境中多溴二苯醚的潜在来源，这些多溴二苯醚可能通过溶解有机物而迁移到水环境中。垃圾焚烧处置系统可能通过脱溴作用放大环境中的多溴二苯醚毒性。
Polybrominated diphenyl ethers (PBDEs) are extensively used as flame retardants in many consumer products, and leachates from landfills have been identified as one of the possible sources of PBDEs in the environment. Meanwhile, the unprecedented economic and population growths of some Asian countries over the last decade have led to significant increases in the amount of waste containing PBDEs in that region. This study investigates the status of PBDEs in leachates from municipal solid waste dumping sites (MSWDS) in tropical Asian countries. A total of 46 PBDE congeners were measured, both in the adsorbed (n= 24) and dissolved (n= 16) phases, in leachate samples collected, from 2002 to 2010, from ten MSWDS distributed among the eight countries of Lao PDR, Cambodia, Vietnam, India, Indonesia, Thailand, the Philippines, and Malaysia. PBDEs were predominantly found in the adsorbed phase. Partitioning of PBDEs in the dissolved phase was associated with the presence of dissolved organic matter; the apparent organic carbon-normalized partition coefficients (K′oc) of the BDE congeners were lower by two to four orders of magnitude than theKocpredicted from the octanol–water partition coefficients (Kow). The total PBDE concentrations from mono- to deca-BDEs ranged from 3.7 to 133,000 ng/L, and showed a trend toward higher concentrations in the more populous and industrialized Asian countries. The congener profiles in the leachates basically reflected the composition of PBDE technical mixtures. The occurrence of congeners not contained, or in trace concentrations, in technical products (e.g., BDEs 208, 207, 206, 202, 188, 179, 49, 17/25, 8, 1) was observed in most of the leachate samples, suggesting the debromination of technical mixtures, including BDE-209, in the MSWDS of tropical Asian countries. Moreover, the temporal trend indicated the reduction of BDE-209 over time, with a corresponding increase in and/or emergence of lower brominated PBDE congeners. The results indicated that MSWDS of tropical Asian countries are potential sources of environmental PBDEs, which may be transported to the aquatic environment via dissolution with dissolved organic matter. MSWDS could be amplifiers of PBDE toxicity in the environment, possibly through debromination.