Adenoviral Vectors as Vaccines for Emerging Avian Influenza Viruses.
Adenoviral Vectors as Vaccines for Emerging Avian Influenza Viruses.
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DOI：
10.3389/fimmu.2020.607333
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发表时间：
2020
影响因子：
7.3
通讯作者：
Coughlan L
中科院分区：
文献类型：
--
作者：
Kerstetter LJ;Buckley S;Bliss CM;Coughlan L
很明显，传染病的出现对全球健康构成持续威胁，这些疾病有可能从动物宿主蔓延开来。近几十年来，由于人类行为的变化，包括国际旅行的增加、野生动物贸易、森林砍伐和为满足肉类消费需求而加强耕作方式，人畜共患病传播事件的频率有所增加。甲型流感病毒（IAV）具有许多特征，使其成为大流行威胁和对人类健康的重大关切。它们的片段基因组和容易出错的复制过程可能导致新的重组病毒的出现，人类对其免疫naïve。此外，iav感染水禽和家畜以及人类的能力增加了重新组合和随后出现新病毒的可能性。过去几十年的零星外溢事件导致人类感染高致病性禽流感病毒，死亡率很高。用于预防季节性流感病毒的传统疫苗平台，如灭活流感疫苗（IIVs）或减毒流感活疫苗（LAIVs），在开发高致病性流感病毒疫苗方面的应用充满挑战。这些问题与加强生物安全控制下的生产有关，以及由于高致病性禽流感病毒在鸡蛋中具有致命性，在胚胎蛋中传播困难。通过使用低致病性禽流感病毒（LPAI）等更安全的骨干来克服制造障碍，如果与主株病毒不相容，也可能是一项挑战。非复制腺病毒（Ad）载体为研制高致病性禽流感病毒疫苗提供了许多优势。它们的基因组是稳定的，并允许插入高致病性病毒抗原（Ag），这些抗原在接种疫苗后在体内表达。因此，它们的生产不需要加强生物安全设施或程序，并且不依赖于鸡蛋。重要的是，Ad疫苗在许多人体临床试验中具有典型的安全性和免疫原性，并且可以热稳定用于储存和大流行防范。这篇综述将讨论设计用于预防具有大流行潜力的禽流感病毒的基于ad的疫苗的现状。
It is evident that the emergence of infectious diseases, which have the potential for spillover from animal reservoirs, pose an ongoing threat to global health. Zoonotic transmission events have increased in frequency in recent decades due to changes in human behavior, including increased international travel, the wildlife trade, deforestation, and the intensification of farming practices to meet demand for meat consumption. Influenza A viruses (IAV) possess a number of features which make them a pandemic threat and a major concern for human health. Their segmented genome and error-prone process of replication can lead to the emergence of novel reassortant viruses, for which the human population are immunologically naïve. In addition, the ability for IAVs to infect aquatic birds and domestic animals, as well as humans, increases the likelihood for reassortment and the subsequent emergence of novel viruses. Sporadic spillover events in the past few decades have resulted in human infections with highly pathogenic avian influenza (HPAI) viruses, with high mortality. The application of conventional vaccine platforms used for the prevention of seasonal influenza viruses, such as inactivated influenza vaccines (IIVs) or live-attenuated influenza vaccines (LAIVs), in the development of vaccines for HPAI viruses is fraught with challenges. These issues are associated with manufacturing under enhanced biosafety containment, and difficulties in propagating HPAI viruses in embryonated eggs, due to their propensity for lethality in eggs. Overcoming manufacturing hurdles through the use of safer backbones, such as low pathogenicity avian influenza viruses (LPAI), can also be a challenge if incompatible with master strain viruses. Non-replicating adenoviral (Ad) vectors offer a number of advantages for the development of vaccines against HPAI viruses. Their genome is stable and permits the insertion of HPAI virus antigens (Ag), which are expressed in vivo following vaccination. Therefore, their manufacture does not require enhanced biosafety facilities or procedures and is egg-independent. Importantly, Ad vaccines have an exemplary safety and immunogenicity profile in numerous human clinical trials, and can be thermostabilized for stockpiling and pandemic preparedness. This review will discuss the status of Ad-based vaccines designed to protect against avian influenza viruses with pandemic potential.
在H5N1病毒疾病模型中，具有人类血清阳性率低的猪腺病毒是人类腺病毒5的有前途的替代疫苗。
影响因子：
3.7
作者：
Patel A;Tikoo S;Kobinger G
通讯作者：
Kobinger G