Coherent manipulation of single quantum systems in the solid state
Coherent manipulation of single quantum systems in the solid state
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发表时间：
2007-12
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通讯作者：
L. Childress
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作者：
L. Childress
量子力学系统的可控、相干操作是现代科学和工程中的一个重要挑战，在量子信息科学中有着重要的应用。固体量子系统，如电子自旋、核自旋和超导岛是实现量子比特（量子位）最有希望的候选者之一。然而，与孤立的原子系统相比，这些固态量子比特耦合到复杂的环境中，通常会导致相干性的快速丧失，并且通常难以理解。此外，使固态量子系统具有吸引力的强相互作用通常只能发生在相邻系统之间，导致耦合任意量子比特对的困难。本文介绍了在理解和控制固态量子比特的复杂环境方面的实验进展，以及延长某些量子比特可以相干相互作用距离的理论技术。用相干操纵与金刚石中氮空位中心相关的单个电子自旋来深入了解其介观环境。此外，利用电子自旋和环境子集之间的相干相互作用的技术被开发和演示，导致控制
The controlled, coherent manipulation of quantum-mechanical systems is an important challenge in modern science and engineering, with significant applications in quantum information science. Solid-state quantum systems such as electronic spins, nuclear spins, and superconducting islands are among the most promising candidates for realization of quantum bits (qubits). However, in contrast to isolated atomic systems, these solid-state qubits couple to a complex environment which often results in rapid loss of coherence, and, in general, is difficult to understand. Additionally, the strong interactions which make solid-state quantum systems attractive can typically only occur between neighboring systems, leading to difficulties in coupling arbitrary pairs of quantum bits. This thesis presents experimental progress in understanding and controlling the complex environment of a solid-state quantum bit, and theoretical techniques for extending the distance over which certain quantum bits can interact coherently. Coherent manipulation of an individual electron spin associated with a nitrogen-vacancy center in diamond is used to gain insight into its mesoscopic environment. Furthermore, techniques for exploiting coherent interactions between the electron spin and a subset of the environment are developed and demonstrated, leading to controlled