Vortex and half-vortex dynamics in a nonlinear spinor quantum fluid.
Vortex and half-vortex dynamics in a nonlinear spinor quantum fluid.
复制标题
非线性旋转量子流体中的涡旋和半涡流动力学。
DOI：
10.1126/sciadv.1500807
复制
发表时间：
2015-12
期刊：
影响因子：
13.6
通讯作者：
Sanvitto D
中科院分区：
文献类型：
--
作者：
Dominici L;Dagvadorj G;Fellows JM;Ballarini D;De Giorgi M;Marchetti FM;Piccirillo B;Marrucci L;Bramati A;Gigli G;Szymańska MH;Sanvitto D
极化子的二维流体揭示了量子涡旋动力学。漩涡是在宇宙中重复出现的原型物体，其复杂程度从亚原子粒子到星系和黑洞。它们的出现与自发对称破缺和相变有关。在玻色-爱因斯坦凝聚体和超流体中，涡旋既是点状的又是量子化的准粒子。我们使用极化子（由混合光子和电子振荡构成的玻色子粒子）的二维 (2D) 流体来研究量子涡旋动力学。极化子受益于波函数相位检测的简易性、维持半整数涡度的旋量性质、强非线性以及背景无序的调谐。我们可以通过共振脉冲激发直接生成带有全整数或半整数涡旋作为初始条件的极化子凝聚体，并使用皮秒尺度的超快成像来跟踪它们的相干演化。这些观察结果突出了丰富的现象学，例如半涡旋的螺旋和全涡旋双电荷的联合路径，直到它们分裂的那一刻。此外，我们观察到有序分支为新生成的次级偶，与径向和方位对称性的破缺相关。这使我们能够设计非线性和样本无序在塑造流体和驱动涡流动力学方面的相互作用。此外，我们的观察表明，相奇点可以被视为基本粒子，其量子化事件涵盖从粒子对创建和重组到 2D+t 拓扑涡旋弦。
Two-dimensional fluid of polaritons sheds light on quantum vortex dynamics. Vortices are archetypal objects that recur in the universe across the scale of complexity, from subatomic particles to galaxies and black holes. Their appearance is connected with spontaneous symmetry breaking and phase transitions. In Bose-Einstein condensates and superfluids, vortices are both point-like and quantized quasiparticles. We use a two-dimensional (2D) fluid of polaritons, bosonic particles constituted by hybrid photonic and electronic oscillations, to study quantum vortex dynamics. Polaritons benefit from easiness of wave function phase detection, a spinor nature sustaining half-integer vorticity, strong nonlinearity, and tuning of the background disorder. We can directly generate by resonant pulsed excitations a polariton condensate carrying either a full or half-integer vortex as initial condition and follow their coherent evolution using ultrafast imaging on the picosecond scale. The observations highlight a rich phenomenology, such as the spiraling of the half-vortex and the joint path of the twin charges of a full vortex, until the moment of their splitting. Furthermore, we observe the ordered branching into newly generated secondary couples, associated with the breaking of radial and azimuthal symmetries. This allows us to devise the interplay of nonlinearity and sample disorder in shaping the fluid and driving the vortex dynamics. In addition, our observations suggest that phase singularities may be seen as fundamental particles whose quantized events span from pair creation and recombination to 2D+t topological vortex strings.