A universal cue for grammatical categories in the input to children: Frequent frames.
A universal cue for grammatical categories in the input to children: Frequent frames.
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DOI：
10.1016/j.cognition.2018.02.005
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发表时间：
2018-06
期刊：
影响因子：
3.4
通讯作者：
Stoll S
中科院分区：
文献类型：
--
作者：
Moran S;Blasi DE;Schikowski R;Küntay AC;Pfeiler B;Allen S;Stoll S
来自不同类型语言的数据显示了共同的分布模式。输入中不连续的重复模式为类别分配提供了线索。形态框架准确地预测了儿童输入中的名词和动词。当单词没有明显的词汇或韵律标记时，孩子如何将单词映射到语法类别？最近的语言习得理论认为，编码在单词或词素序列中的分布信息可能在形成语法类别中起着核心作用。为了测试这一建议，我们分析了儿童导向的语音从七个类型不同的语言，以模拟世界语言的结构的最大变化。我们问是否输入到儿童包含的线索分配句法类别的频繁帧，这是经常发生的不相邻序列的单词或词素。在雅阁从以前的研究对个别语言的汇总结果，我们发现，频繁的词框架不提供一个强大的分布模式，准确地预测语法类别。然而，我们的研究结果表明，框架是非常准确的线索跨语言的语素水平。我们的理论是，非相邻的依赖模式捕获的频繁框架是一个普遍的锚点，学习者在形态水平上检测和分类的语法类别。框架是否也在更高的语言层次上发挥作用，如单词，取决于个体语言的语法特征。
Data from typologically diverse languages shows common distributional patterns. Discontinuous repetitive patterns in the input provide cues for category assignment. Morphological frames accurately predict nouns and verbs in the input to children. How does a child map words to grammatical categories when words are not overtly marked either lexically or prosodically? Recent language acquisition theories have proposed that distributional information encoded in sequences of words or morphemes might play a central role in forming grammatical classes. To test this proposal, we analyze child-directed speech from seven typologically diverse languages to simulate maximum variation in the structures of the world’s languages. We ask whether the input to children contains cues for assigning syntactic categories in frequent frames, which are frequently occurring nonadjacent sequences of words or morphemes. In accord with aggregated results from previous studies on individual languages, we find that frequent word frames do not provide a robust distributional pattern for accurately predicting grammatical categories. However, our results show that frames are extremely accurate cues cross-linguistically at the morpheme level. We theorize that the nonadjacent dependency pattern captured by frequent frames is a universal anchor point for learners on the morphological level to detect and categorize grammatical categories. Whether frames also play a role on higher linguistic levels such as words is determined by grammatical features of the individual language.
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