Enzymatic synthesis of structured lipids
Enzymatic synthesis of structured lipids
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DOI：
10.1016/s1381-1177(00)00120-x
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发表时间：
2000-09-04
影响因子：
--
通讯作者：
Yamane, T
中科院分区：
文献类型：
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作者：
Iwasaki, Y;Yamane, T
脂肪酶是合成结构脂质（SLs）的有力工具，结构脂质是在特定位置具有特定脂肪酸（FA）残基的三酰基甘油（tg）。根据脂肪酸种类的数量及其在甘油分子中的分布，tg可分为几种类型；AAA， ABA， AAB和ABC类型。其中，aa型tg可由FA和甘油通过化学或酶法合成。即使在化学计量的底物混合物中，几乎完全的反应是可能的。其他类型的tg的合成需要位置特异性反应，其中使用区域特异性脂肪酶是有效的。aba型SLs的合成方法为：(1)sn-1,3位置特异性脂肪酶催化两种不同TG的交换；(2)sn-1,3位置特异性脂肪酶催化TG与FA或FA乙基酯（FAEt）的酰基交换；(3)sn-1,3位置特异性脂肪酶催化甘油与FA的酰化，得到对称的1,3-二酰基-sn-甘油，然后在sn-2位置进行化学酰化。abb型SL是由脂肪酶催化的TG的sn-1或-3位与FA或FAEt单取代制备的，避免了双取代副产物的形成。某种脂肪酶对sn-1位的立体偏好优于sn-3位，可以合成手性ABB型和abc型tg。(C) 2000 Elsevier Science B.V.版权所有
Lipases are powerful tools for the syntheses of structured lipids (SLs) which are triacylglycerols (TGs) having particular fatty acid (FA) residues at specific positions. With respect to the number of FA species and their distribution in glycerol molecule, TGs are classified into several types; AAA, ABA, AAB, and ABC types. Among them, AAA-type TGs can be synthesized from FA and glycerol either chemically or enzymatically. Even at stoichiometric mixture of the substrates, almost complete reaction is possible. Syntheses of the other types of TGs require positionally specific reactions, for which the use of regiospecific lipases are effective. ABA-type SLs are synthesized by (1) sn-1,3-position-specific lipase-catalyzed interesterification of two different TGs, (2) sn-1,3-position-specific lipase-catalyzed acyl exchange of TG with FA or with FA ethylester (FAEt), (3) sn-1,3-position-specific lipase-catalyzed acylation of glycerol with FA giving symmetric 1,3-diacyl-sn-glycerol, followed by chemical acylation at sn-2 position. ABB-type SL is prepared by lipase-catalyzed monosubstitution at either sn-1 or -3 position of TG with FA or with FAEt, avoiding formation of disubstituted by-product. Stereopreference to sn-1 position over sn-3 position of a certain kind of lipase enables the syntheses of chiral ABB- and ABC-type TGs. (C) 2000 Elsevier Science B.V. All rights reserved.