Formula Feeding Predisposes Neonatal Piglets to Clostridium difficile Gut Infection
Formula Feeding Predisposes Neonatal Piglets to Clostridium difficile Gut Infection
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DOI：
10.1093/infdis/jix567
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发表时间：
2018-05-01
影响因子：
6.4
通讯作者：
Pieper, Robert
中科院分区：
文献类型：
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作者：
Grzeskowiak, Lukasz;Martinez-Vallespin, Beatriz;Pieper, Robert
梭菌感染（CDI）的自发性暴发发生在新生仔猪中，但诱发因素在很大程度上尚不清楚。研究C.艰难梭菌定植和CDI发展，将48头新生仔猪移入隔离器，饲喂基于牛乳的配方，并感染C. 078. big game分析包括临床评分、粪便C.细菌负荷、毒素B水平和钙卫蛋白水平;以及结肠标本的死后组织病理学分析。对照组为未感染的哺乳仔猪。来自哺乳仔猪、配方奶喂养仔猪和配方奶喂养的C.艰难梭菌感染的仔猪用于宏基因组学分析。高背景水平的C。在感染前，在配方奶喂养的仔猪中检测到艰难梭菌和毒素，而哺乳仔猪携带的艰难梭菌约少3倍。艰难梭菌，未检出毒素。C.艰难梭菌攻击的动物与C. difficile和钙卫蛋白水平。哺乳仔猪中不存在CDI的死后体征，而肠系膜水肿和充满气体的远端小肠和盲肠、细胞损伤和封闭蛋白表达减少与攻毒试验的动物相关。配方奶喂养的仔猪中的微生物群富含埃希氏菌、志贺氏菌、链球菌、肠球菌和瘤胃球菌属。配方饲料喂养的仔猪易患C。与哺乳仔猪相比，艰难梭菌定植更早。高毒力C. difficile ribotype不会加重感染症状。母猪与后代的关系和早期食用猪乳汁可能是控制C。仔猪中的艰难扩张。
Spontaneous outbreaks of Clostridiurn dfficile infection (CDI) occur in neonatal piglets, but the predisposing factors are largely not known. To study the conditions for C. difficile colonization and CDI development, 48 neonatal piglets were moved into isolators, fed bovine milk-based formula, and infected with C. difficile 078. Analyses included clinical scoring; measurement of the fecal C. dfficile burden, toxin B level, and calprotectin level; and postmortem histopathological analysis of colon specimens. Controls were noninfected suckling piglets. Fecal specimens from suckling piglets, formula-fed piglets, and formula-fed, C. difficile-infected piglets were used for metagenomics analysis. High background levels of C. difficile and toxin were detected in formula-fed piglets prior to infection, while suckling piglets carried about 3-fold less C. difficile, and toxin was not detected. Toxin level in C. difficile-challenged animals correlated positively with C. difficile and calprotectin levels. Postmortem signs of CDI were absent in suckling piglets, whereas mesocolonic edema and gas-filled distal small intestines and ceca, cellular damage, and reduced expression of claudins were associated with animals from the challenge trials. Microbiota in formula-fed piglets was enriched with Escherichia, Shigella, Streptococcus, Enterococcus, and Ruminococcus species. Formula-fed piglets were predisposed to C. difficile colonization earlier as compared to suckling piglets. Infection with a hypervirulent C. difficile ribotype did not aggravate the symptoms of infection. Sow-offspring association and consumption of porcine milk during early life may be crucial for the control of C. difficile expansion in piglets.