Applying risk adjusted cost-effectiveness (RAC-E) analysis to hospitals: estimating the costs and consequences of variation in clinical practice.

Applying risk adjusted cost-effectiveness (RAC-E) analysis to hospitals: estimating the costs and consequences of variation in clinical practice.
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将风险调整成本效益 (RAC-E) 分析应用于医院:估计临床实践中变化的成本和后果。

DOI:
10.1002/hec.2828
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发表时间:
2013
期刊:
影响因子:
2.1
通讯作者:
Karnon J
Karnon J
中科院分区:
医学3区
文献类型:
--
作者:
Karnon J

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成本效益分析在药品和医疗技术方面已经很成熟,但在评估临床实践中的变化方面还不成熟。本文描述了一种新的方法-风险调整成本效益(RAC - E) -促进应用临床实践过程的比较评估。在这个应用中,风险调整是通过一个多变量匹配算法进行的,该算法平衡了不同环境(如医院)患者的基线特征。相关的常规收集数据用于分析2年期间患者水平的成本和结果,以及推断患者生命周期内的成本和生存率。该研究报告了替代临床实践形式的相对成本效益,包括对平均估计的统计不确定性的完整表示。该方法通过一个案例研究来说明,该案例研究评估了南澳大利亚四家主要公立医院急性胸痛患者服务的相对成本效益。评估发现,两家医院提供的服务占主导地位,在剩余的服务中,效率更高的医院以较低的平均额外成本获得了生命年,并且在现实的成本效益阈值下,有80%的可能性成为成本效益最高的医院。确定了成本和效果估计变化的潜在决定因素,尽管需要更详细的分析来确定临床实践中具体的变化领域,以便为成本效益较低的机构提供改进信息。版权所有©2012 John Wiley & Sons, Ltd。
Cost‐effectiveness analysis is well established for pharmaceuticals and medical technologies but not for evaluating variations in clinical practice. This paper describes a novel methodology—risk adjusted cost‐effectiveness (RAC‐E)—that facilitates the comparative evaluation of applied clinical practice processes.In this application, risk adjustment is undertaken with a multivariate matching algorithm that balances the baseline characteristics of patients attending different settings (e.g. hospitals). Linked, routinely collected data are used to analyse patient‐level costs and outcomes over a 2‐year period, as well as to extrapolate costs and survival over patient lifetimes. The study reports the relative cost‐effectiveness of alternative forms of clinical practice, including a full representation of the statistical uncertainty around the mean estimates.The methodology is illustrated by a case study that evaluates the relative cost‐effectiveness of services for patients presenting with acute chest pain across the four main public hospitals in South Australia. The evaluation finds that services provided at two hospitals were dominated, and of the remaining services, the more effective hospital gained life years at a low mean additional cost and had an 80% probability of being the most cost‐effective hospital at realistic cost‐effectiveness thresholds.Potential determinants of the estimated variation in costs and effects were identified, although more detailed analyses to identify specific areas of variation in clinical practice are required to inform improvements at the less cost‐effective institutions. Copyright © 2012 John Wiley & Sons, Ltd.
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