Evaluating taboo trade-offs in ecosystems services and human well-being
Evaluating taboo trade-offs in ecosystems services and human well-being
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DOI：
10.1073/pnas.1414900112
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发表时间：
2015-06-02
影响因子：
11.1
通讯作者：
Munyi, Lydiah
中科院分区：
文献类型：
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作者：
Daw, Tim M.;Coulthard, Sarah;Munyi, Lydiah
为多种生态系统服务管理生态系统和平衡不同利益攸关方的福祉涉及不同类型的权衡。权衡往往涉及非经济和难以评估的价值，如文化特性、就业、穷人的福祉或特定物种或生态系统结构。虽然权衡需要考虑成功的环境管理，他们往往被忽视，有利于双赢。管理和政策决定需要能够明确承认和评估各种权衡的方法。我们确定了一个小规模的热带渔业时，生态模拟与社会生态系统结构和利益相关者的福祉的参与性评估相结合的明显权衡的多样性。尽管在总体规模上，保护和盈利之间显然是双赢的，但粮食生产、就业和边缘化利益攸关方的福祉受到管理决策的不同影响，导致权衡取舍。其中一些权衡被认为是“禁忌”的权衡，即在道德上不可否认的价值观之间，例如在利润与处于社会边缘地位的妇女的福祉之间。这些问题以前没有被认为是管理问题。利益相关者探讨和审议了权衡支持的互动“玩具模型”代表关键系统的权衡，以及未来的定性叙述情景。禁忌权衡的概念表明，心理偏见和社会敏感性可能会将关键问题排除在决策之外，从而导致政策难以执行。我们的参与式建模和情景方法有可能提高对这种权衡的认识，促进对什么是可接受的讨论，并有可能识别和减少管理合规性的障碍。
Managing ecosystems for multiple ecosystem services and balancing the well-being of diverse stakeholders involves different kinds of trade-offs. Often trade-offs involve noneconomic and difficult-to-evaluate values, such as cultural identity, employment, the well-being of poor people, or particular species or ecosystem structures. Although trade-offs need to be considered for successful environmental management, they are often overlooked in favor of win-wins. Management and policy decisions demand approaches that can explicitly acknowledge and evaluate diverse trade-offs. We identified a diversity of apparent trade-offs in a small-scale tropical fishery when ecological simulations were integrated with participatory assessments of social-ecological system structure and stakeholders' well-being. Despite an apparent win-win between conservation and profitability at the aggregate scale, food production, employment, and well-being of marginalized stakeholders were differentially influenced by management decisions leading to trade-offs. Some of these trade-offs were suggested to be "taboo" trade-offs between morally incommensurable values, such as between profits and the well-being of marginalized women. These were not previously recognized as management issues. Stakeholders explored and deliberated over trade-offs supported by an interactive "toy model" representing key system trade-offs, alongside qualitative narrative scenarios of the future. The concept of taboo trade-offs suggests that psychological bias and social sensitivity may exclude key issues from decision making, which can result in policies that are difficult to implement. Our participatory modeling and scenarios approach has the potential to increase awareness of such trade-offs, promote discussion of what is acceptable, and potentially identify and reduce obstacles to management compliance.