Succession of the ecosystems of the Aral Sea during its transition from oligohaline to polyhaline water body
Succession of the ecosystems of the Aral Sea during its transition from oligohaline to polyhaline water body
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DOI：
10.1016/j.jmarsys.2003.12.012
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发表时间：
2004-06-01
影响因子：
2.8
通讯作者：
Tashmukhamedov, BA
中科院分区：
文献类型：
--
作者：
Mirabdullayev, IM;Joldasova, IM;Tashmukhamedov, BA
在1990年至2002年的22次实地考察（主要是大咸海西部盆地）期间，收集了关于盐度、浮游植物、浮游动物、底栖动物和鱼类的数据。2002年，西部盆地的盐度达到75 ppt，而东部盆地的盐度为150 ppt。1999-2002年共记录浮游藻类159种。这大约是以前记录的两倍。特别是蓝藻门、甲藻门和绿藻门的多样性在过去几年中有所下降。和以前一样，目前硅藻门是最多样化的浮游生物。然而，占主导地位的组成发生了变化。咸海浮游生物中曾经的优势种，艾氏辐环藻消失了，取而代之的是咖啡形双眉藻（Amphora coffeaformis）、阿氏辐环藻（A.咖啡形变种尖突针杆藻Synedra tabulata var.自20世纪70年代以来，浮游动物的多样性逐渐减少。自1997年以来，原来的优势种水生哲水蚤消失了，这显然是导致裸腹裸腹蚤和孤雌生殖卤虫出现的原因。自2000年以来，卤虫在咸海的浮游生物中占主导地位，占浮游动物生物量的99%，1970- 1980年代，底栖动物的生物多样性迅速减少。在20世纪90年代，大多数原住民和引进物种灭绝。目前，双壳类软体动物Syndosmya segmentum，介形类Cyprideis torosa和双翅目摇蚊salinarius的幼虫仍能在西部盆地记录。到1998年，在大咸海，只有五种鱼类存活：波罗的海鲱鱼、比目鱼、银汉鱼、新虎鱼和高加索溪蟹。自2002年以来，只有比目鱼和银汉鱼在大咸海西部盆地有记录。2002年咸海东部没有鱼类记录。
During 22 field trips from 1990 to 2002 (mainly the western basin of the Large Aral) data on salinity, phytoplankton, zooplarkton, zoobenthos and fish fauna have been collected. In 2002, the salinity of the western basin reached 75 ppt, while that in the eastern basin, 150 ppt. In 1999-2002, 159 species of planktonic algae have been recorded. This is approximately twice as low as recorded before. The diversity of Cyanophyta, Pyrrhophyta and Chlorophyta in particular has dropped in the past few years. As before, currently Bacillariophyta is the most diverse plankton. However, the composition of dominants has changed. Once previously dominant species, Actinocyclus ehrenbergii, vanished from the plankton of the Aral Sea and was replaced by such diatoms as Amphora coffeaformis, A. coffeaformis var. acutiuscula and Synedra tabulata var. parva.Since 1970s, a gradual decrease in the diversity of zooplankton has been taking place. Since 1997, the formerly dominant Calanipeda aquaedulcis vanished, which apparently was the reason for the emergence of Moina salina and Artemia parthenogenetica. Since 2000, artemia has been dominant in the plankton of the Aral Sea, constituting 99% of the zooplankton biomass.In the 1970-1980s, a rapid decrease in the biodiversity of the zoobenthos was observed. In the 1990s, most aboriginal and introduced species became extinct. Currently, the bivalve mollusk Syndosmya segmentum, the ostracod Cyprideis torosa and larvae of the dipteran Chironomus salinarius can still be recorded in the western basin. In the eastern basin no benthos is observed.By 1998, in the Large Aral, only five fish species survived: baltic herring Clupea harengus membras, flounder Platichthys flesus luscus, atherine Atherina boyeri caspia and bullheads Neogobius fluviatilis and Potamoschistus caucasicus. Since 2002, only flounder and atherina have been recorded in the western basin of the Large Aral. No fish have been recorded in the eastern part of the Aral Sea in 2002.