The changing place of fraud in seventeenth-century public debates about international trading corporations
The changing place of fraud in seventeenth-century public debates about international trading corporations
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十七世纪关于国际贸易公司的公开辩论中欺诈的地位发生了变化
DOI：
10.1080/00076791.2017.1389901
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发表时间：
2017
期刊：
影响因子：
1.1
通讯作者：
Pettigrew W
中科院分区：
文献类型：
--
作者：
Pettigrew W
本文调查了欺诈（不诚实和不道德的商业行为）在整个十七世纪的英国海外贸易公司管理的公共理由的变化作用。它认为，在国际商业环境中，人们所认为的欺诈可能性在17世纪初贸易公司的公开辩护中发挥了关键作用。这篇文章认为，这些理由从17世纪90年代开始受到挑战。它探讨了这一挑战的三个方面：第一，东印度公司的代理人说服该公司解放私人贸易的方式第二，17世纪80年代的论点，将股份公司描绘成一个不负责任的、没有灵魂的实体，其对公众信任的要求看起来不那么可信;第三，几十年来积累的国际贸易环境经验（以及与非欧洲商人的互动）如何促使小册子作者宣传在这些环境中不受管制的贸易的可能性（和现实）。所有这三个因素都有助于削弱国际背景下私人个体贸易之间的联系，因为这种联系可能会鼓励不诚实，不道德和欺诈。因此，这一变化导致公司本身成为可能的欺诈工具，而不是个别国际商人（公司最初的目的是监管他们）。本文分析了公众对欺诈和公司的讨论，以干预经济思想史、贸易公司史和经济犯罪史（特别是其在贸易监管辩论中的修辞作用）。
This article surveys the changing role of fraud (dishonest and immoral commercial practices) in public justifications for corporate management of overseas trade in England across the seventeenth century. It argues that the perceived likelihood of fraud in international commercial settings played a critical role in public justifications for trading corporations at the beginning of the seventeenth century. The article suggests that these justifications were challenged from the 1690s. It explores three aspects of this challenge: first, the ways in which agents of the East India Company convinced the Company to liberate private trade (an activity previously defined as fraudulent by the Company and the Courts); second, the arguments from the 1680s that depicted the joint-stock corporation as an unaccountable, soulless entity whose claim to public trust looked less credible; third, how decades of accumulated experience of international trading contexts (and interactions with non-European merchants) prompted pamphleteers to promote the possibility (and reality) of unregulated trade in those settings. All three helped to erode the former association between private individual trade in international contexts as likely to encourage dishonesty, immorality, and fraud. This change therefore led to the corporate body itself becoming a possible vehicle for fraud rather than the individual international merchant (who the corporation was meant originally to regulate). The article analyses public deliberations about fraud and corporations to make interventions in the history of economic thought, the history of trading companies, and the history of economic crime (and especially its rhetorical role in debates about the regulation of trade).
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