Sheep cervical spine biomechanics: a finite element study.
Sheep cervical spine biomechanics: a finite element study.
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发表时间：
2014
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通讯作者：
Nicole A DeVries Watson;Anup A. Gandhi;D. Fredericks;Joseph D. Smucker;N. Grosland
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作者：
Nicole A DeVries Watson;Anup A. Gandhi;D. Fredericks;Joseph D. Smucker;N. Grosland
动物模型经常用于从科学概念到临床应用的过渡。羊模型已成为脊柱生物力学的重要模型。虽然有一些羊颈椎的实验生物力学研究，但只有有限数量的计算模型被开发出来。因此，本研究的目的是建立并验证C2-C7羊颈椎有限元（FE）模型，以研究正常羊颈椎的生物力学。方法该模型基于医学图像定义的解剖结构，并包含非线性材料特性，以捕捉羊颈椎的高柔韧性和大中性区。采用综合实验柔韧性测试对模型进行了验证。10只成年羊颈椎，从C2-C7，实验确定了±2 Nm的屈伸、侧向弯曲和轴向旋转的整体和节段灵活性。结果计算模型预测的运动范围在整个加载周期内，除拉伸和侧向弯曲外，均在各自实验运动的一个标准差内。该模型对拉伸和侧向弯曲峰值运动的预测分别过高和过低。然而，该模型很好地反映了羊颈椎的活动范围和柔韧性。这是绵羊颈椎的第一个多水平模型。经过验证的模型为完整的羊颈椎提供了额外的生物力学见解，这是实验无法轻易确定的。该模型可用于研究各种手术技术，仪器和设备放置，为研究人员和临床医生提供难以（如果不是不可能的话）通过实验获得的见解。
INTRODUCTION Animal models are often used to make the transition from scientific concepts to clinical applications. The sheep model has emerged as an important model in spine biomechanics. Although there are several experimental biomechanical studies of the sheep cervical spine, only a limited number of computational models have been developed. Therefore, the objective of this study was to develop and validate a C2-C7 sheep cervical spine finite element (FE) model to study the biomechanics of the normal sheep cervical spine. METHODS The model was based on anatomy defined using medical images and included nonlinear material properties to capture the high flexibility and large neutral zone of the sheep cervical spine. The model was validated using comprehensive experimental flexibility testing. Ten adult sheep cervical spines, from C2-C7, were used to experimentally ascertain overall and segmental flexibility to ±2 Nm in flexion-extension, lateral bending, and axial rotation. RESULTS The ranges of motion predicted by the computational model were within one standard deviation of the respective experimental motions throughout the load cycle, with the exception of extension and lateral bending. The model over- and under predicted the peak motions in extension and lateral bending, respectively. Nevertheless, the model closely represents the range of motion and flexibility of the sheep cervical spine. DISCUSSION This is the first multilevel model of the sheep cervical spine. The validated model affords additional biomechanical insight into the intact sheep cervical spine that cannot be easily determined experimentally. The model can be used to study various surgical techniques, instrumentation, and device placement, providing researchers and clinicians insight that is difficult, if not impossible, to gain experimentally.