DYNAMIC INTERACTIONS IN MALARIA - HOST HETEROGENEITY MEETS PARASITE POLYMORPHISM
DYNAMIC INTERACTIONS IN MALARIA - HOST HETEROGENEITY MEETS PARASITE POLYMORPHISM
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DOI：
10.1098/rspb.1995.0147
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发表时间：
1995-09-22
影响因子：
4.7
通讯作者：
HILL, AVS
中科院分区：
文献类型：
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作者：
GUPTA, S;HILL, AVS
恶性疟原虫疟疾的疾病严重程度谱可归因于寄生虫毒力的异质性或宿主因素的异质性。然而，这两种解释并不是对同一现象的必然的单独解释：它们实际上可能是相辅相成的。宿主和寄生虫异质性的联合效应可以解释某些有趣的流行病学观察结果，例如，为什么在某些宿主基因型中严重疟疾的发病率降低，而轻度疾病却没有随之减少。通过假设严重疾病是由一种罕见的独立传播的寄生虫菌株引起的，并且疾病的概率与某种菌株的有效感染次数呈非线性相关，可以解释耐药宿主基因型内罕见疾病发病率的不成比例降低。相反，在某些情况下，宿主抗性的异质性可能有助于维持寄生虫毒力的多样性。在本文中，我们讨论了共同进化的后果，异质性的主机电阻和多样性的寄生虫毒力通过使用一个简单的数学模型，试图整合系统的种群遗传学与生态动力学。这使得对疟疾传播的统一观点，综合目前的证据，关于宿主和寄生虫的异质性对疟疾疾病的影响。
The spectrum of disease severity in Plasmodium falciparum malaria can be attributed to heterogeneity in parasite virulence or to heterogeneity in host factors. However, the two are not neccessarily separate explanations for the same phenomena: they may actually complement each other. The conjoint effects of host and parasite heterogeneity can serve to explain certain intriguing epidemiological observations, such as, why there is a reduction in incidence of severe malaria in certain host genotypes without a concomitant reduction in mild disease. By assuming that severe disease is caused by a rare independently transmitted parasite strain, and that the probability of disease is nonlinearly related to the number of effective infections by a certain strain, the disproportionate reduction in the rate of the rarer disease within resistant host genotypes may be explained. Conversely, heterogeneity in host resistance may, under certain circumstances, facilitate the maintenance of diversity in parasite virulence. In this paper we discuss the coevolutionary consequences of heterogeneity in host resistance and diversity in parasite virulence by using a simple mathematical model that attempts to integrate the population genetics of the system with its ecological dynamics. This allows a unified perspective on malaria transmission that synthesises current evidence regarding the effects of host and parasite heterogeneities on malarial disease.