Cognitive deficits associated with blood lead concentrations <10 μg/dL in US children and adolescents
Cognitive deficits associated with blood lead concentrations <10 μg/dL in US children and adolescents
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DOI：
10.1093/phr/115.6.521
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发表时间：
2000-11-01
影响因子：
3.3
通讯作者：
Cox, C
中科院分区：
文献类型：
--
作者：
Lanphear, BP;Dietrich, K;Cox, C
Objective.铅是一种已被证实的神经毒物，但与认知功能和学习成绩缺陷相关的最低血铅浓度定义不清。本研究的目的是检查相对较低的血铅浓度-特别是浓度< 10微克/分升（mug/dL）-与美国儿童和老年人代表性样本的认知功能测试表现的关系。作者使用1988 - 1994年第三次全国健康与营养调查（NHANES III）的数据，评估了4.853名6-16岁儿童的血铅浓度与算术技能、阅读技能、非语言推理和短期记忆测试成绩之间的关系。研究样本中儿童血铅浓度的几何平均值为1.9 mug/dL：172（2.1%）例血铅浓度大于或等于10 mug/dL。在调整性别，种族/民族，贫困，国家地区，父母或照顾者的教育水平，父母或照顾者的婚姻状况父母，血清铁蛋白水平和血清可替宁水平后，数据显示血铅浓度和认知功能四项指标得分之间呈反比关系。血铅浓度每增加1 mug/dL，算术平均分下降0.7分，阅读平均分下降约1分，非语言推理平均分下降0.1分，短期记忆平均分下降0.5分。血铅浓度低于5.0 μ g/dL的儿童，其算术和阅读成绩与血铅浓度呈负相关。当血铅浓度低于5 μ g/dL时，与铅暴露相关的认知和学术技能缺陷就会发生。
Objective. Lead is a confirmed neurotoxicant, but the lowest blood lead concentration associated with deficits in cognitive functioning and academic achievement is poorly defined. The purpose of the present study was to examine the relationship or relatively low blood lead concentrations-especially concentrations < 10 micrograms per deciliter (mug/dL)-with performance on tests of cognitive functioning in a representative sample of US children and adolescents.Methods. The authors used data from the Third National Health and Nutrition Examination Survey (NHANES III), conducted from 1988 to 1994, to assess the relationship between blood lead concentration and performance on tests of arithmetic skills, reading skills, nonverbal reasoning, and shortterm memory among 4.853 children ages 6-16 years.Results. The geometric mean blood lead concentration for children in the study sample was 1.9 mug/dL: 172 (2.1%) had blood lead concentrations greater than or equal to 10 mug/dL. After adjustment for gender, race/ethnicity, poverty, region of the country, parent or caregiver's educational level, parent or caregiver's marital status parent, serum ferritin level, and serum cotinine level, the data showed an inverse relationship between blood lead concentration and scores on four measures of cognitive functioning. For every I mug/dL increase in blood lead concentration, there was a 0.7-point decrement in mean arithmetic scores, an approximately 1-point decrement in mean reading scores, a 0.1-point decrement in mean scores on a measure of nonverbal reasoning, and a 0.5-point decrement in mean scores on a measure of short-term memory. An inverse relationship between blood lead concentration and arithmetic and reading scores was observed Tor children with blood lead concentrations lower than 5.0 mug/dL.Conclusion. Deficits in cognitive and academic skills associated vvith lead exposure occur at blood lead concentrations lower than 5 mug/dL.