Spinning versus Wobbling: How the Brain Solves a Geometry Problem
Spinning versus Wobbling: How the Brain Solves a Geometry Problem
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DOI：
10.1523/jneurosci.5900-10.2011
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发表时间：
2011-06-01
影响因子：
5.3
通讯作者：
Hess, Bernhard J.
中科院分区：
文献类型：
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作者：
Laurens, Jean;Strauman, Dominik;Hess, Bernhard J.
动物同时围绕滚动轴和俯仰轴进行异相摆动(“摆动”)会持续改变头部相对于重力的方向。例如，它可能会逐渐从鼻子向上，到耳朵向下，鼻子向下，耳朵向下，再回到鼻子向上。绕纵轴的旋转(“旋转”)可以以同样的方式改变头部相对于重力的方向，前提是轴是垂直倾斜的。在这两种动作中，内耳的耳石器官会检测到头部相对于重力方向的变化，而半规管只会检测到速度的波动(摆动)，而不会检测到任何恒速旋转(旋转)。在几何上，可以根据头部相对于重力的方向和摆动速度的信息来计算整个运动。我们让猕猴(Macaca Mulatta)接受旋转和摆动的组合，发现这些动物总是能够正确地估计它们的旋转速度。前庭信息处理的最优贝叶斯模型对这些结果的模拟表明，大脑基于头部在空间中运动的几何相干三维表示来整合重力和速度信息。
Oscillating an animal out-of-phase simultaneously about the roll and pitch axes ("wobble") changes continuously the orientation of the head relative to gravity. For example, it may gradually change from nose-up, to ear-down, nose-down, ear-down, and back to nose-up. Rotations about the longitudinal axis ("spin") can change the orientation of the head relative to gravity in the same way, provided the axis is tilted from vertical. During both maneuvers, the otolith organs in the inner ear detect the change in head orientation relative to gravity, whereas the semicircular canals will only detect oscillations in velocity (wobble), but not any rotation at constant velocity (spin). Geometrically, the whole motion can be computed based on information about head orientation relative to gravity and the wobble velocity. We subjected monkeys (Macaca mulatta) to combinations of spin and wobble and found that the animals were always able to correctly estimate their spin velocity. Simulations of these results with an optimal Bayesian model of vestibular information processing suggest that the brain integrates gravity and velocity information based on a geometrically coherent three-dimensional representation of head-in-space motion.