Brain structures and receptors involved in alertness
Brain structures and receptors involved in alertness
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DOI：
10.1016/s1389-9457(05)80002-4
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发表时间：
2005-06-01
期刊：
影响因子：
4.8
通讯作者：
Aston-Jones, G
中科院分区：
文献类型：
--
作者：
Aston-Jones, G
睡眠和清醒之间的转换受复杂的神经生物学机制的调节，最终可以描述为两个相反的过程之间的振荡-一个促进睡眠，另一个促进清醒。视交叉上核(SCN)通过反对内稳态驱动或睡眠的唤醒机制为睡眠-觉醒周期提供时间组织。假设SCN中的单个细胞是有能力的昼夜节律振荡器，重要的是了解这些细胞如何相互通信并保持相互同步。对参与警觉性的大脑结构和受体以及参与昼夜睡眠-觉醒周期调节的复杂现象的研究为去甲肾上腺素能蓝斑(LC)系统在警觉性和表现的昼夜调节中发挥重要作用提供了证据。然而，人们对警觉性潜在机制的广泛兴趣不仅仅是为了理解清醒，也是为了深入了解如何在清醒时保持警觉性和认知表现。很少有研究试图将大脑系统在睡眠-觉醒调节中的作用与清醒时认知表现的作用联系起来，我们假设下丘脑背内侧核(DMH)通过投射到LC来调节睡眠和觉醒的昼夜节律。我们提出了一个SCN-DMH-LC信号通路，它可能影响LC的活动，从而影响与去甲肾上腺素能神经支配相关的多种中枢神经系统功能，包括警觉性、警觉性、注意力、学习和记忆。睡眠驱动对LC系统的影响可能对我们理解睡眠不足对性能的有害影响很重要，并为开发新的治疗方法提供了一个合理的靶点，以对抗由于睡眠质量差而造成的警觉性和性能障碍。(C)2005 Elsevier B.V.保留所有权利。
Transitions between sleep and wakefulness are regulated by complex neurobiological mechanisms, which ultimately can be delineated as oscillations between two opponent processes - one promoting sleep and the other promoting wakefulness. The suprachiasmatic nuclei (SCN) provide temporal organization to the sleep-wake cycle through arousal mechanisms that oppose homeostatic drive or sleep. Assuming that individual cells in the SCN are competent circadian oscillators, it is important to understand how these cells communicate and remain synchronized with each other.Examination of the brain Structures and receptors that are involved in alertness and the complex phenomena involved in regulation of the circadian sleep-wake cycle has provided evidence for an important role for the noradrenergic locus coerUleus (LC) system in the circadian regulation of alertness and performance. However, the broad interest in mechanisms underlying alertness is not solely to understand wakefulness but also to gain insight into how to maintain alertness and cognitive performance while awake. Few studies have attempted to link the role of a brain system in sleep-wake regulation with a role in cognitive performance during waking,We hypothesize that the dorsomedial hypothalamic nucleus (DMH) modulates the circadian rhythm of sleep and waking via projections to the LC. We propose a SCN-DMH-LC signalling pathway that may influence the activity of the LC and thereby a variety of central nervous system functions related to noradrenergic innervations, including alertness, vigilance, attention, learning and memory. The influence Of sleep drive on the LC system may be important for our understanding of the deleterious effects of sleep loss on performance, and presents a logical target for developing new treatments to counteract impairments in alertness and performance due to poor quality sleep. (c) 2005 Elsevier B.V. All rights reserved.