Bioaerosol sampling optimization for community exposure assessment in cities with poor sanitation: A one health cross-sectional study
Bioaerosol sampling optimization for community exposure assessment in cities with poor sanitation: A one health cross-sectional study
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DOI：
10.1016/j.scitotenv.2020.139495
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发表时间：
2020-05
期刊：
影响因子：
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通讯作者：
L. Rocha-Melogno;O. Ginn;E. Bailey;F. Soria;M. Andrade;M. Bergin;Joe Brown;G. Gray;M. Deshusses
中科院分区：
文献类型：
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作者：
L. Rocha-Melogno;O. Ginn;E. Bailey;F. Soria;M. Andrade;M. Bergin;Joe Brown;G. Gray;M. Deshusses
在动物或人类废物处理环境以外的文献中，通过空气暴露于肠道病原体和相关感染风险的证据很少。卫生条件差的城市是调查这种空气接触途径的重要地点，因为它们的快速增长将对废物管理构成前所未有的挑战。为了解决这个问题，需要简单的监测方法。因此，本研究的目的是优化社区暴露的生物气溶胶监测策略的城市户外场所卫生条件差，并确定哪些生物气溶胶可能有助于暴露。被动和主动的生物气溶胶采样方法被用来表征在玻利维亚的拉巴斯的雨季和旱季期间与卫生有关的生物气溶胶的命运和运输。雨季大肠菌群通量中位数为71 CFU/（m2× h），旱季为64 CFU/（m2× h），旱季样品中38%的大肠杆菌检测呈阳性。杆菌风速，相对湿度和UVB辐照度被确定为显着的协变量，考虑在生物气溶胶传输模型在拉巴斯。在雨季期间，主动采样产生了一个人类腺病毒（HadV）阳性样本（10%）和一个甲型流感病毒样本（10%）。在细菌通量最高的位点检测到HadV。4份样本（8%）在旱季对甲型流感病毒呈阳性。这些发现表明，气溶胶可能导致卫生条件差的城市社区暴露于潜在的病原微生物。被动采样的使用尽管有其局限性，但可以在个人接触的实际时间范围内提供关于微生物生存能力的定量数据。
Evidence of exposure to enteric pathogens through the air and associated risk of infection is scarce in the literature outside of animal- or human-waste handling settings. Cities with poor sanitation are important locations to investigate this aerial exposure pathway as their rapid growth will pose unprecedented challenges in waste management. To address this issue, simple surveillance methods are needed. Therefore, the objectives of this study were to optimize a community exposure bioaerosol surveillance strategy for urban outdoor locations with poor sanitation, and to determine which bioaerosols could contribute to exposure. Passive and active bioaerosol sampling methods were used to characterize the fate and transport of sanitation-related bioaerosols during the rainy and dry seasons in La Paz, Bolivia. Median coliform bacteria fluxes were 71 CFU/(m2× h) during the rainy season and 64 CFU/(m2× h) during the dry season, with 38% of the dry season samples testing positive forE. coli. Wind speed, relative humidity and UVB irradiance were identified as significant covariates to consider in bioaerosol transport models in La Paz. Active sampling yielded one positive sample (10%) for human adenovirus (HadV) and one sample (10%) for influenza A virus during the rainy season. HadV was detected at the site with the highest bacterial flux. Four samples (8%) were positive for influenza A virus in the dry season. These findings suggest that aerosols can contribute to community exposure to potentially pathogenic microorganisms in cities with poor sanitation. The use of passive sampling, despite its limitations, can provide quantitative data on microorganisms' viability within realistic timeframes of personal exposure.