The Role of Midlatitude Cyclones in the Emission, Transport, Production, and Removal of Aerosols in the Northern Hemisphere
The Role of Midlatitude Cyclones in the Emission, Transport, Production, and Removal of Aerosols in the Northern Hemisphere
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DOI：
10.1029/2022jd038131
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发表时间：
2023-03
期刊：
影响因子：
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通讯作者：
Joseph Robinson;L. Jaeglé;L. Oman
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文献类型：
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作者：
Joseph Robinson;L. Jaeglé;L. Oman
我们利用AQUA卫星上的中分辨率光谱辐射计(MODIS)传感器反演了2005-2018年北半球27,707个中纬度气旋的气溶胶光学厚度(AOD)的分布。与温暖传送带(WCB)气流中的背景条件相比，以旋风为中心的复合材料显示出20%-45%的AOD增强。精细模式AOD每年占这一改进的68%。与背景条件相比，粗模气溶胶光学厚度在复合气旋中心附近增加了两倍以上，与高地面风速共存。在WCB内部，MODIS气溶胶光学厚度在春季最大，夏季次之。以气旋为中心的AOD合成来自《现代研究与应用回顾分析》第二版全球建模倡议(M2GMI)模拟，再现了MODIS AOD合成和增强的规模和季节性。M2GMI模拟表明，WCB中AOD的增强主要是硫酸盐(37%)和有机气溶胶(25%)，其中沙尘和海盐各占15%。与北大西洋WCBS相比，北太平洋WCBS的MODIS和M2GMI AOD要大60%，这与人为污染有很强的关系。推算出NH中纬度气旋每年排放的海盐气溶胶总量为355Tgyr−1，占30~80°N总排放量的60%。我们发现，WCBS内的沉积占NH洋盆上空总气溶胶沉积的35%。此外，WCBS的多云环境导致了高效的二次硫酸盐生产。
We examine the distribution of aerosol optical depth (AOD) across 27,707 northern hemisphere (NH) midlatitude cyclones for 2005–2018 using retrievals from the Moderate Resolution Spectroradiometer (MODIS) sensor on the Aqua satellite. Cyclone‐centered composites show AOD enhancements of 20%–45% relative to background conditions in the warm conveyor belt (WCB) airstream. Fine mode AOD accounts for 68% of this enhancement annually. Relative to background conditions, coarse mode AOD is enhanced by more than a factor of two near the center of the composite cyclone, co‐located with high surface wind speeds. Within the WCB, MODIS AOD maximizes in spring, with a secondary maximum in summer. Cyclone‐centered composites of AOD from the Modern Era Retrospective analysis for Research and Applications, version 2 Global Modeling Initiative (M2GMI) simulation reproduce the magnitude and seasonality of the MODIS AOD composites and enhancements. M2GMI simulations show that the AOD enhancement in the WCB is dominated by sulfate (37%) and organic aerosol (25%), with dust and sea salt each accounting for 15%. MODIS and M2GMI AOD are 60% larger in North Pacific WCBs compared to North Atlantic WCBs and show a strong relationship with anthropogenic pollution. We infer that NH midlatitude cyclones account for 355 Tg yr−1 of sea salt aerosol emissions annually, or 60% of the 30–80°N total. We find that deposition within WCBs is responsible for up to 35% of the total aerosol deposition over the NH ocean basins. Furthermore, the cloudy environment of WCBs leads to efficient secondary sulfate production.