A study of the porosity of nuclear graphite using small-angle neutron scattering

A study of the porosity of nuclear graphite using small-angle neutron scattering
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利用小角中子散射研究核石墨的孔隙率

DOI:
10.1016/j.carbon.2013.06.030
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发表时间:
2013
期刊:
影响因子:
10.9
通讯作者:
Mileeva Z
Mileeva Z
中科院分区:
材料科学2区
文献类型:
--
作者:
Mileeva Z

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小角中子散射(SANS)测量了核石墨的孔隙度,包括由逸出的分解气体引起的开孔,以及沿c方向各向异性热收缩产生的内部裂纹(在焦炭颗粒中)(Mrozowski裂纹)。SANS观察到的长度尺度上的孔隙度变化必须控制内应力的发展,从而控制AGR石墨由于辐照(碳原子的快中子位移和CO2的辐射腐蚀)引起的开裂。这种开裂可能导致反应堆过早关闭。SANS测量表明,孔隙度在~ 0.2和300 nm之间的长度尺度上呈分形,可能是由于Mrozowski裂纹——因为SANS信号的分形指数仅取决于石墨填料的孔隙度。我们在这里报告了两种应用于反应器石墨的SANS技术的新用途——与d -甲苯的对比匹配(测量向表面开放的孔隙率)和散射的温度依赖性(测量高达2000°C的孔隙宽度变化)。这些结果为研究辐照过程中AGR石墨孔隙度及其演化提供了重要的新信息。
Small-angle neutron scattering (SANS) measures porosity in nuclear graphites, including both open pores, caused by escaping decomposition gases, and internal cracks (in coke particles) generated by anisotropic thermal contraction along the c-direction (Mrozowski Cracks). Porosity changes on the length scale observable by SANS must control the development of internal stresses and hence of cracking in AGR graphite due to irradiation (both fast neutron displacements of carbon atoms and radiolytic corrosion by CO2). Such cracking may cause premature reactor shutdown. SANS measurements show that porosity is fractal on a length scale between ∼0.2 and 300 nm, presumably due to Mrozowski cracks – because the fractal index of the SANS signal depends only on the porosity of the graphitic filler. We report here two novel uses of the SANS technique as applied to reactor graphite – contrast matching with D-toluene (to measure the fraction of the porosity open to the surface) and the temperature dependence of the scattering (to measure pore width changes up to 2000 °C). These results provide important new information on AGR graphite porosity and its evolution during irradiation.
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