Genetic Variation Bias toward Noncoding Regions and Secreted Proteins in the Rice Blast Fungus Magnaporthe oryzae.
Genetic Variation Bias toward Noncoding Regions and Secreted Proteins in the Rice Blast Fungus Magnaporthe oryzae.
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稻瘟病菌 Magnaporthe oryzae 中非编码区和分泌蛋白的遗传变异偏向。
DOI：
10.1128/msystems.00346-20
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发表时间：
2020
期刊：
影响因子：
6.4
通讯作者：
Wang Zonghua
中科院分区：
文献类型：
--
作者：
Zhong Zhenhui;Chen Meilian;Lin Lianyu;Chen Ruiqi;Liu Dan;Norvienyeku Justice;Zheng Huakun;Wang Zonghua
植物病原体的基因组具有高度可变性和可塑性。病原体基因库随着植物环境的变化而迅速变化，导致病原体在田间出现后不久植物抗性迅速丧失。广泛的研究评估了自然病原体种群，以了解它们的进化影响；然而，研究植物病原体突变和适应宿主植物的动态过程的研究数量仍然有限。在这里，我们将实验进化和高通量池测序应用于稻瘟病菌（一种导致水稻产量大量损失的真菌病原体），以观察基因组变异的进化。我们发现突变，包括单核苷酸变异（SNV）、插入和缺失（indels）以及转座元件（TE）插入，在整个M. 基因组中积累得非常快。 oryzaed 在连续植物接种过程中并且优先在非编码区中发生，而这种突变在编码区中并不常见。然而，我们还观察到新的 TE 插入随着时间的推移而积累，并且优先积累在 M 中分泌蛋白（SP）编码基因的近端区域。稻种群。综上所述，这些结果揭示了 M 中非编码区和 SP 基因的遗传变异存在偏差。稻瘟病菌可能有助于稻瘟菌效应子在宿主选择下的快速适应性进化。重要性植物在田间广泛出现后不久就“失去”了对病原体的抗性，因为植物病原体在抗性选择下迅速突变和适应。因此，病原体的快速进化对植物健康构成严重威胁。广泛的研究评估了自然病原体种群，以了解它们的进化影响；然而，对植物病原体突变和适应宿主植物的动态过程的研究仍然有限。在这里，通过进行实验进化研究，我们发现稻瘟病菌 Magnaporthe oryzae 中的遗传变异偏向非编码区和 SP，这解释了稻瘟病菌维持高毒力变异以克服田间水稻抗性的能力。
The genomes of plant pathogens are highly variable and plastic. Pathogen gene repertoires change quickly with the plant environment, which results in a rapid loss of plant resistance shortly after the pathogen emerges in the field. Extensive studies have evaluated natural pathogen populations to understand their evolutionary effects; however, the number of studies that have examined the dynamic processes of the mutation and adaptation of plant pathogens to host plants remains limited. Here, we applied experimental evolution and high-throughput pool sequencing to Magnaporthe oryzae, a fungal pathogen that causes massive losses in rice production, to observe the evolution of genome variation. We found that mutations, including single-nucleotide variants (SNVs), insertions and deletions (indels), and transposable element (TE) insertions, accumulated very rapidly throughout the genome ofM. oryzaeduring sequential plant inoculation and preferentially in noncoding regions, while such mutations were not frequently found in coding regions. However, we also observed that new TE insertions accumulated with time and preferentially accumulated at the proximal region of secreted protein (SP) coding genes inM. oryzaepopulations. Taken together, these results revealed a bias in genetic variation toward noncoding regions and SP genes inM. oryzaeand may contribute to the rapid adaptive evolution of the blast fungal effectors under host selection.IMPORTANCEPlants “lose” resistance toward pathogens shortly after their widespread emergence in the field because plant pathogens mutate and adapt rapidly under resistance selection. Thus, the rapid evolution of pathogens is a serious threat to plant health. Extensive studies have evaluated natural pathogen populations to understand their evolutionary effects; however, the study of the dynamic processes of the mutation and adaptation of plant pathogens to host plants remains limited. Here, by performing an experimental evolution study, we found a bias in genetic variation toward noncoding regions and SPs in the rice blast fungus Magnaporthe oryzae, which explains the ability of the rice blast fungus to maintain high virulence variation to overcome rice resistance in the field.