Characteristics of one sprite-producing summer thunderstorm
Characteristics of one sprite-producing summer thunderstorm
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一场产生精灵的夏季雷暴的特征
DOI：
10.1016/j.atmosres.2011.08.001
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发表时间：
2013-06
影响因子：
5.5
通讯作者：
Feng, Guili
中科院分区：
文献类型：
--
作者：
Yang, Jing;Qie, Xiushu;Feng, Guili
从2007年到2010年的四年里观察到了29个精灵，其中2007年8月1-2日的一次最多精灵风暴产生了16个精灵。本文利用闪电探测网、多普勒雷达、MTSAT(多功能传输卫星)卫星、TRMM(热带降雨测量任务)、NCEP(国家气象中心)等资料，分析了这次多雨暴雨。结果表明，大多数精灵成群出现，呈胡萝卜状。云顶亮温变暖、雷达反射率变弱时，云顶高空云图出现频率最高，具有负CGs急剧减少、正CGs略有增加的特征。云顶闪电的云顶亮温为−40~−60℃，雷达反射率为15~35dBZ。幸运的是，这场产生精灵的风暴在精灵时期被TRMM扫描到了。一个轨道数据可用于PR(降水雷达，2A25)，两个轨道数据可用于TMI(TRMM微波成像仪，2A12和1B11)。TRMM的结果表明，30dBZ的风暴反射率在对流区约为12公里，层状区约为4公里。降水冰多位于6~8公里处，最大值达2.1g/m~3，但大部分云冰位于10~14公里之间，6公里以下无云冰，6.0~8.0公里处极少。云水含量大多在4~6公里之间。雷达反射率、降水冰和云冰的垂直截面特征吻合较好。沿对流区和层状区的垂直截面显示，对流区的降水冰和云冰含量均大于层状区。层状区的云水大于对流区的云水。从两个不同时刻的降水冰、云冰、云水和偏振校正温度特征可以清楚地看出暴雨的演变过程。CG分布与偏振校正温区的低值符合得很好，说明闪电与冰粒有密切关系。虽然本文是基于TRMM资料的一次精灵雷暴个例分析，但其结果提供了这场精灵雷暴的微物理结构的详细信息。
Twenty-nine sprites were observed during four years from 2007 to 2010 with one most sprite-productive storm on 1–2 August 2007 which produced 16 sprites. In this paper, the most sprite-productive storm is analyzed by using data from lightning detection network, Doppler radar, MTSAT (Multi-Function Transport Satellite) satellite, TRMM (Tropical Rainfall Measuring Mission), NCEP. The results show that most sprites appeared in groups and in shape of carrot. Most sprites occurred frequently when the cloud top brightness temperature is getting warm and radar reflectivity is becoming weak with characteristics of sharp decrease of negative CGs and slight increase of positive CGs. The parent cloud-to-ground lightning flashes (CGs) were positive and located in region with cloud top brightness temperature of −40 to −60°C and radar reflectivity of 15–35dBZ. The sprite-producing storm was fortunately scanned by TRMM during sprite time period. One orbit data could be used for PR (Precipitation Radar, 2A25) and two orbit data for TMI (TRMM Microwave Imager, 2A12 and 1B11). Results based on TRMM indicated that storm reflectivity with 30dBZ was at about 12km in the convective region and 4km in stratiform region. The precipitation ice mostly located in 6–8km with the largest value of 2.1g/m3, but most cloud ice located between 10 and 14km with no cloud ice below 6km and very few at 6.0–8.0km. The cloud water content located mostly between 4 and 6km. Characteristics of vertical cross sections of radar reflectivity, precipitation ice and cloud ice agree well. Vertical cross sections along convective and stratiform regions show that contents of precipitation ice and cloud ice in convective region were larger than that in stratiform region. But cloud water in stratiform region was larger than that in convective region. The storm evolution could be seen clearly from characteristics of precipitation ice, cloud ice, cloud water and polarization corrected temperature at two different times. The CG distribution agrees well with low values of polarization corrected temperature region, indicating that lightning flashes have close relationship with ice particles. Although this paper is a case study of sprite-producing thunderstorm based on TRMM data, the results provided detailed information of microphysical structure of this sprite-producing storm.
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