Rethinking the policy influence of experts: From general characterizations to analysis of variation
Rethinking the policy influence of experts: From general characterizations to analysis of variation
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重新思考专家的政策影响：从一般特征到变异分析
DOI：
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发表时间：
1990
期刊：
影响因子：
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通讯作者：
S. Brint
中科院分区：
文献类型：
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作者：
S. Brint
本文首先调查了关于专业专家的政策影响力的争论中的四个主要立场——技术官僚、广泛的授权、有限的授权和“权力的仆人”——但发现没有一个完全令人满意。虽然有限的授权立场是专家政策影响力的最佳概括表征，但许多实例显示出更广泛的影响力。这些论文主张将讨论从一般特征转移到对专业影响力的程度和意义的变化进行系统分析。提出了分析这种变化的框架。该框架强调了非政治化的重要性，将问题界定为狭隘的技术性或涉及保护核心文化价值的问题，鼓励专业专家非正式夺取权力或向专家授权的政治局势，以及专业职业根据其在社会监管中的中心地位而享有不同程度的合法性。
This paper first surveys the four principal positions in the debate about the policy influence of professional experts — technocracy, extensive mandates, limited mandates, and “servants of power” — and finds none entirely satisfactory. While the limited mandates position is the best general characterization of the policy influence of experts, many instances reveal more extensive influence. The papers argues for shifting the discussion from general characterizations to the systematic analysis of variation in the extent and significance of professional influence. A framework for analyzing this variation is proposed. The framework highlights the importance of depoliticization, the framing of issues as narrowly technical or involving the protection of a central cultural value, political situations that encourage the informal capture of power by professional experts or the delegation of power to experts, and the differing level of legitimacy enjoyed by professional occupations, based on their centrality in social regulation.