Insights into hominid evolution from the gorilla genome sequence.
Insights into hominid evolution from the gorilla genome sequence.
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DOI：
10.1038/nature10842
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发表时间：
2012-03-07
期刊：
影响因子：
64.8
通讯作者：
Durbin R
中科院分区：
文献类型：
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作者：
Scally A;Dutheil JY;Hillier LW;Jordan GE;Goodhead I;Herrero J;Hobolth A;Lappalainen T;Mailund T;Marques-Bonet T;McCarthy S;Montgomery SH;Schwalie PC;Tang YA;Ward MC;Xue Y;Yngvadottir B;Alkan C;Andersen LN;Ayub Q;Ball EV;Beal K;Bradley BJ;Chen Y;Clee CM;Fitzgerald S;Graves TA;Gu Y;Heath P;Heger A;Karakoc E;Kolb-Kokocinski A;Laird GK;Lunter G;Meader S;Mort M;Mullikin JC;Munch K;O'Connor TD;Phillips AD;Prado-Martinez J;Rogers AS;Sajjadian S;Schmidt D;Shaw K;Simpson JT;Stenson PD;Turner DJ;Vigilant L;Vilella AJ;Whitener W;Zhu B;Cooper DN;de Jong P;Dermitzakis ET;Eichler EE;Flicek P;Goldman N;Mundy NI;Ning Z;Odom DT;Ponting CP;Quail MA;Ryder OA;Searle SM;Warren WC;Wilson RK;Schierup MH;Rogers J;Tyler-Smith C;Durbin R
大猩猩是继黑猩猩之后人类最亲近的近亲，对于人类起源和进化的研究具有相当重要的意义。在这里，我们提出了西部低地大猩猩的基因组序列的组装和分析，并比较了所有现存的类人猿属的全基因组。我们提出了一个综合的遗传和化石证据与放置在大约600万年前和1000万年前（Mya）的人类黑猩猩和人类黑猩猩大猩猩物种形成事件相一致。在30%的基因组中，大猩猩与人类或黑猩猩的关系比后者彼此之间的关系更近;这在编码基因方面更罕见，表明在巨猿进化过程中普遍存在选择，并对基因表达产生功能性影响。对蛋白质编码基因的比较揭示了大约500个基因在大猩猩、人类和黑猩猩谱系中的加速进化，以及平行加速的证据，特别是与听力有关的基因。我们还比较了西部和东部的大猩猩物种，估计平均序列分歧时间为175万年前，但有证据表明，东部物种的遗传交换和人口瓶颈更近。在这些和未来的分析中使用基因组序列将促进对类人猿生物学和进化的更深入理解。
Gorillas are humans’ closest living relatives after chimpanzees, and are of comparable importance for the study of human origins and evolution. Here we present the assembly and analysis of a genome sequence for the western lowland gorilla, and compare the whole genomes of all extant great ape genera. We propose a synthesis of genetic and fossil evidence consistent with placing the human-chimpanzee and human-chimpanzee-gorilla speciation events at approximately 6 and 10 million years ago (Mya). In 30% of the genome, gorilla is closer to human or chimpanzee than the latter are to each other; this is rarer around coding genes, indicating pervasive selection throughout great ape evolution, and has functional consequences in gene expression. A comparison of protein coding genes reveals approximately 500 genes showing accelerated evolution on each of the gorilla, human and chimpanzee lineages, and evidence for parallel acceleration, particularly of genes involved in hearing. We also compare the western and eastern gorilla species, estimating an average sequence divergence time 1.75 million years ago, but with evidence for more recent genetic exchange and a population bottleneck in the eastern species. The use of the genome sequence in these and future analyses will promote a deeper understanding of great ape biology and evolution.