Effect of Varroa jacobsoni (Mesostigmata: Varroidae) on feral Apis mellifera (Hymenoptera: Apidae) in California
Effect of Varroa jacobsoni (Mesostigmata: Varroidae) on feral Apis mellifera (Hymenoptera: Apidae) in California
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DOI：
10.1093/ee/24.6.1473
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发表时间：
1995-12-01
影响因子：
1.7
通讯作者：
Page, RE
中科院分区：
文献类型：
--
作者：
Kraus, B;Page, RE
我们通过对1990年从208个蜂群中采集的工蜂进行检查，研究了新引入的寄生螨Varroa Jacobsoni Oudemans在加州野生蜜蜂Apis Melvena L.的种群中的传播情况，其中124只蜜蜂在1993年再次进行了检查。1990年采集的样本中不含雅各布逊弧菌。1993年，在加利福尼亚州萨克拉门托附近的一个地区检查的群体中，75%的群体已不复存在，所有幸存的群体都感染了雅各布逊弧菌。在加利福尼亚州中央海岸附近的一个地区，84%的鸟巢被占据，几乎没有菌落含有可检测到的雅各布森弧菌水平。据报道，在气候温和的地区，尚未过冬的蜂群(创始蜂群)存活的概率很低。在瓦罗伊螨虫侵扰程度较低的地区收集的数据表明，在气候大多为地中海的加利福尼亚州，创始人群体存活的可能性更高。在瓦罗阿螨病高发区收集的数据表明，这种寄生虫将加州野生蜜蜂群体的平均寿命缩短到6个月到1年之间。这种寄生虫在商业殖民地密度高的地区广泛传播。这表明，寄生虫的快速传播主要是由商业殖民地的迁徙造成的。我们讨论了野生蜜蜂数量下降对授粉和非洲蜜蜂入侵加州的影响。
We studied the spread of the newly introduced parasitic mite, Varroa jacobsoni Oudemans, within California's population of the feral honey bee, Apis mellifera L., by examining worker bees taken from 208 colonies in 1990, 124 of which were examined again in 1993. The samples taken in 1990 did not contain V. jacobsoni mites. In 1993, 75% of the colonies examined in an area located near Sacramento, CA, no longer existed, and all surviving colonies were infested with V. jacobsoni. In an area located near the Californian central coast, 84% of the nest sites examined were occupied and few colonies contained detectable levels of V. jacobsoni. The probability of survival for colonies that have not survived a winter yet (founder colonies) has been previously reported to be low in areas with a temperate climate. Data collected in an area with a low level of Varroa mite infestation suggest that the probability of founder colony survival is higher in California with a mostly Mediterranean climate. The data collected in areas with a high level of Varroa mite infestation suggest that the parasite reduces the mean life span of feral honey bee colonies in California to go between 6 mo and 1 yr. The parasite was widely spread in areas with a high density of commercial colonies. This suggests that the fast spread of the parasite is caused mostly by migration of commercial colonies. We discuss the consequences of the decline of the feral honey bee population on pollination and on the invasion of California by Africanized bees.