The Genetic Control of Reproductive Development under High Ambient Temperature
The Genetic Control of Reproductive Development under High Ambient Temperature
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DOI：
10.1104/pp.16.01275
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发表时间：
2017-01-01
期刊：
影响因子：
7.4
通讯作者：
von Korff, Maria
中科院分区：
文献类型：
--
作者：
Ejaz, Mahwish;von Korff, Maria
环境温度对温带谷类作物的生殖发育和籽粒产量有很大影响。然而，对于不同环境温度下发育的遗传控制知之甚少。在此，我们证明在大麦（Hordeum vulgare）中，环境高温根据光周期反应基因PHOTOPERIOD1（Ppd - H1）及其上游调节因子EARLY FLOWERING3（HvELF3）加速或延迟生殖发育。春大麦中普遍存在的Ppd - H1的一个自然突变延迟了花的发育，并减少了每穗的小花和籽粒数量，而野生型Ppd - H1或一个突变的Hvelf3等位基因加速了花的发育，并在环境高温下维持了籽粒数量。环境高温延迟了生物钟基因的表达阶段并降低了其表达幅度，且独立于基因型抑制了花整合基因FLOWERING LOCUS T1。不同环境温度下开花时间的Ppd - H1依赖性变化与叶片中大麦MADS - box基因VERNALIZATION1（HvVRN1）、HvBM3和HvBM8的相对表达水平相关。最后，我们表明Ppd - H1与HvVRN1的调控变异相互作用。Ppd - H1仅在调控内含子缺失的春性HvVRN1等位基因背景下加速花的发育。全长的冬性Hvvrn1等位基因被强烈下调，且无论Ppd - H1如何，高温都会延迟开花。我们的研究结果表明，光周期和春化途径相互作用，以控制大麦对环境温度的开花时间和小花育性。
Ambient temperature has a large impact on reproductive development and grain yield in temperate cereals. However, little is known about the genetic control of development under different ambient temperatures. Here, we demonstrate that in barley (Hordeum vulgare), high ambient temperatures accelerate or delay reproductive development depending on the photoperiod response gene PHOTOPERIOD1 (Ppd-H1) and its upstream regulator EARLY FLOWERING3 (HvELF3). A natural mutation in Ppd-H1 prevalent in spring barley delayed floral development and reduced the number of florets and seeds per spike, while the wild-type Ppd-H1 or a mutant Hvelf3 allele accelerated floral development and maintained the seed number under high ambient temperatures. High ambient temperature delayed the expression phase and reduced the amplitude of clock genes and repressed the floral integrator gene FLOWERING LOCUS T1 independently of the genotype. Ppd-H1-dependent variation in flowering time under different ambient temperatures correlated with relative expression levels of the BARLEY MADS-box genes VERNALIZATION1 (HvVRN1), HvBM3, and HvBM8 in the leaf. Finally, we show that Ppd-H1 interacts with regulatory variation at HvVRN1. Ppd-H1 only accelerated floral development in the background of a spring HvVRN1 allele with a deletion in the regulatory intron. The full-length winter Hvvrn1 allele was strongly down-regulated, and flowering was delayed by high temperatures irrespective of Ppd-H1. Our findings demonstrate that the photoperiodic and vernalization pathways interact to control flowering time and floret fertility in response to ambient temperature in barley.