From the Sociology of Intellectuals to the Sociology of Interventions
From the Sociology of Intellectuals to the Sociology of Interventions
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DOI：
10.1146/annurev.soc.012809.102625
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发表时间：
2010-01-01
期刊：
影响因子：
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通讯作者：
Buchholz, Larissa
中科院分区：
文献类型：
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作者：
Eyal, Gil;Buchholz, Larissa
这篇综述表明，知识分子社会学正在转变为干预社会学，即，它不再关注某种社会类型，而是分析动员知识和专业知识的运动，以告知公共领域中充满价值的干预。我们首先证明，经典的知识分子社会学集中在一个似乎不再有效的忠诚问题上。此外，我们表明，通过关注一个特定的社会类型，它仍然仅限于一种干预公共领域的模式。然后，我们回顾了两篇与经典问题保持距离的文献，它们可以被整合到干预社会学的共同标题下：第一篇文献分析了知识领域和市场。它脱离了知识分子的社会学，将相关的行动者成倍增加，并将“知识分子”一词去人格化，这样它就不再代表一种社会类型，而是代表一种进行公共干预的能力，一种许多不同的行动者都声称拥有的能力。第二篇文献分析了专业知识的公共部署。它不仅增加了声称拥有知识分子衣钵的行动者，而且增加了干预的形式和模式本身，即知识和专业知识可以被插入公共领域的不同方式。
This review suggests that the sociology of intellectuals is being converted into a sociology of interventions, i.e., instead of focusing on a certain social type, it analyzes the movement by which knowledge and expertise are mobilized to inform a value-laden intervention in the public sphere. We first demonstrate that the classical sociology of intellectuals was centered on a problematic of allegiance that no longer seems productive. In addition, we show that by focusing on a particular social type it remained limited to only one mode of intervention into the public sphere. We then review two literatures that distance themselves from the classical problematic and that could be integrated under the common rubric of a sociology of interventions: The first literature analyzes intellectual fields and markets. It moves away from the sociology of intellectuals by multiplying the relevant actors and depersonalizing the term "intellectual" so that it no longer stands for a social type but for the capacity to make a public intervention, a capacity to which many different actors lay claim. The second literature analyzes the public deployment of expertise. It multiplies not simply the actors laying claim to the mantle of the intellectual, but the formats and modes of intervention itself, i.e., the different ways in which knowledge and expertise can be inserted into the public sphere.