Perspectives on additives for polymers. 1. Aspects of stabilization
Perspectives on additives for polymers. 1. Aspects of stabilization
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DOI：
10.1002/vnl.21807
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发表时间：
2020-11-23
影响因子：
2.7
通讯作者：
Edge, Michele
中科院分区：
文献类型：
--
作者：
Allen, Norman S.;Edge, Michele
自从聚合物领域最早的发现和随后的发展以来，相关问题和不断增加的应用导致了“添加剂”领域的迅速扩大。在这种情况下，添加剂一词非常普遍，因为它涵盖了与不断增长的需求相关的许多方面。其中最重要的是抗氧化剂（初级和次级）、光稳定剂、加工助剂、金属钝化剂、阻燃剂、杀菌剂、成核剂、抗静电化合物、填料、染料、颜料（纳米、微米和宏观），仅举几例，每种都具有特定的功能，并且不一定同时在一个包装中。本文基于一些更重要的关键添加剂，对类型、作用方式、特性、用途和问题（以及规避措施）提出了总体看法。在这方面，许多添加剂的性能和行为与最初的掺入和配方密切相关，从物理、美观、结构、机械和化学的角度来看，这往往是最终使用性能的主要控制因素。事实上，对于许多聚合物，例如 PVC，人们进入了一个高度复杂的相互作用世界，在许多情况下，这种相互作用会破坏甚至增强功能性加工添加剂的活性。其中一些将得到强调，希望目的是激发聚合物和添加剂制造商以及加工实验室的技术人员更加了解潜在的问题和问题。
Since the earliest discovery and subsequent developments in the world of polymers associated problems and increasing applications have resulted in the rapidly expanding field of "additives." In this context, the term additive is very generalized in that it encompasses many facets associated with ever growing needs. Of the most important are antioxidants (primary and secondary), light stabilizers, processing aids, metal deactivators, flame retardants, biocides, nucleating agents, antistatic compounds, fillers, dyes, pigments (nano, micro, and macro) to name but only a few each serving a particular function and not necessarily all at the same time in the one package. This article presents a general perspective on the type, mode of action, properties, uses, and problems (and circumvention) based on some of the more important key additives. The properties and behavior of many additives in this regard relates very much to the initial incorporation and formulation and in turn is often a major controlling factor in end use performance from a physical, esthetic, structural, mechanical, and chemical point of view. Indeed, with many polymers like PVC, for example, one enters a highly complex world of interactions which can in many cases destroy or even enhance the activity of functional processing additives. Some of these will be highlighted and hopefully the aim being here to enthuse the polymer and additive manufacturers and technologists in the processing laboratories to become more aware of potential issues and problems.