Beyond episodic remembering: elaborative retrieval of lifetime periods in young and older adults
Beyond episodic remembering: elaborative retrieval of lifetime periods in young and older adults
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DOI：
10.1080/09658211.2019.1686152
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发表时间：
2020-01-02
期刊：
影响因子：
2.1
通讯作者：
Grilli, Matthew D.
中科院分区：
文献类型：
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作者：
Acevedo-Molina, Monica C.;Matijevic, Stephanie;Grilli, Matthew D.
相对于年轻人，认知正常的老年人在描述独特的生活事件时通常会产生更多的语义细节和更少的情景细节。目前尚不清楚这是否反映了情景记忆的特定变化或自传叙述的更广泛的改变。为了探索不同类型的自传体叙事的年龄差异，我们创建了一个一生阶段的叙事任务，其中涉及描述扩展事件。为了进行比较，参与者还描述了独特的生活事件。所有自传体叙述都根据情节、语义和其他细节生成进行评分。相对于年轻人，老年人对遥远的和最近的一生产生了更详细的叙述，这是由于他们对个人和一般语义细节的检索增加了。老年人还为独特的生活事件叙述生成了更多语义细节，同时减少了情节细节。更广泛地说，在这两个群体中，一生的叙述很大程度上基于语义细节，而情景细节在独特生活事件的描述中更为突出。这些发现表明，与正常认知衰老相关的语义细节的生成增多反映在多种类型的自传体叙述中。我们认为，一生阶段的叙述是老年人自传体记忆的一个幸免的方面。
Relative to young adults, cognitively normal older adults commonly generate more semantic details and fewer episodic details in their descriptions of unique life events. It remains unclear whether this reflects a specific change to episodic memory or a broader alteration to autobiographical narration. To explore age differences across different types of autobiographical narration, we created a lifetime period narrative task that involves describing extended events. For comparison, participants also described unique life events. All autobiographical narratives were scored for episodic, semantic, and other detail generation. Relative to young adults, older adults generated more detailed narratives for remote and recent lifetime periods, which was driven by their increased retrieval of personal and general semantic details. Older adults also generated more semantic details for unique life event narratives, along with reduced episodic detail. More broadly, in both groups lifetime period narratives were largely based on semantic details, whereas episodic details were more prominent in the descriptions of unique life events. These findings indicate that the elevated generation of semantic details associated with normal cognitive aging is reflected in multiple types of autobiographical narration. We suggest that lifetime period narration is a spared aspect of autobiographical memory among older adults.