Geographical distribution of fronto-ethmoidal encephalomeningocele.
Geographical distribution of fronto-ethmoidal encephalomeningocele.
复制标题
额筛骨脑脊膜膨出的地理分布。
DOI：
10.1136/jech.26.3.193
复制
发表时间：
1972
期刊：
影响因子：
--
通讯作者：
C. Suwanwela
中科院分区：
文献类型：
--
作者：
C. Suwanwela
先天畸形是影响人类最令人痛苦的疾病之一。重建主要异常现象的尝试只取得了有限的成功。影响大脑的畸形通常与某种程度的智力缺陷有关。对感染、药物和基因异常等致病因素的认识为预防这些疾病带来了一些希望。不幸的是，仅在一小部分人类先天畸形中确定了致病机制。已经报道了许多关于无脑畸形地理分布和神经管闭合缺陷的研究。然而，许多这些报告将脊柱和头部的所有脊膜膨出归为一类。脊柱裂的发病呈现出特殊的地理格局。贝尔法斯特（Stevenson、Johnston、Stewart 和 Golding，1966a）和都柏林（Coffey 和 Jessop，1955）的比率最高，分别为每 1,000 名新生儿 4*69 和 4×2。西欧（Book，1951；Hohlbein，1959）、英格兰和威尔士（Malpas，1937；Penrose，1957；Carter、Lawrence 和 David，1967）和美国（Schwidde，1952；MacMahon、Pugh 和 Ingalls，1953；Harris 和 Steinberg，1954；McIntosh）的利率et al., 1954）每 1,000 名新生儿中有 1 -2 到 2 8 不等。东欧和南欧（Candido，1951；Stevenson 等，1966a；Czeizel 和 R6v6sz，1970）、南美洲和中美洲（Stevenson 等，1966a）、澳大利亚和新西兰（Collmann 和 Stoller，1962；Stevenson 等，1966a；Howie 和 Phillips， 1970）、非洲（Simpkiss 和 Lowe，1961；Khan，1965；Stevenson 等，1966a；Odeku 引用的 Gupta，1967）和亚洲（Neel，1958；Stevenson 等，1966a；Kolah、Master 和 Sanghvi，1967；Saifullah、Chandra、Pathak 和 Dhall， 1967），除了一些偏僻的地方，例如埃及的亚历山大，也许还有印度的昌迪加尔。在西方国家，脊髓和枕部脑膜膨出很常见，但在泰国，我们发现头部前部的脑脊膜膨出发病率特别高（见图1和图2）。这一事实表明脑膜膨出并不由同质群体组成，促使我们研究这组畸形的地理分布。
Congenital malformations are among the most distressing diseases that affect mankind. Attempts to reconstruct the major anomalies have only limited success. Malformations affecting the brain are usually associated with some degree of mental deficiency. The recognition of causative agents such as infection, drugs, and genetic abnormalities offers some hope toward their prevention. Unfortunately the causative mechanism has been established in only a small proportion of human congenital malformations. Many investigations of the geographical distribution of anencephalus and defects of closure of the neural tube have been reported. Many of these reports, however, group all meningoceles of the spine and head together. The incidence of spina bifida shows a peculiar geographical pattern. The highest rates were found in Belfast (Stevenson, Johnston, Stewart, and Golding, 1966a) and Dublin (Coffey and Jessop, 1955), being 4*69 and 4 2 per 1,000 births respectively. Rates in western Europe (Book, 1951; Hohlbein, 1959), England and Wales (Malpas, 1937; Penrose, 1957; Carter, Lawrence, and David, 1967), and the United States (Schwidde, 1952; MacMahon, Pugh, and Ingalls, 1953; Harris and Steinberg, 1954; McIntosh et al., 1954) varied from 1 -2 to 2 8 per 1,000 births. Lower incidences were found in eastern and southern Europe (Candido, 1951; Stevenson et al., 1966a; Czeizel and R6v6sz, 1970), South and Central America (Stevenson et al., 1966a), Australia and New Zealand (Collmann and Stoller, 1962; Stevenson et al., 1966a; Howie and Phillips, 1970), Africa (Simpkiss and Lowe, 1961; Khan, 1965; Stevenson et al., 1966a; Gupta as quoted by Odeku, 1967), and Asia (Neel, 1958; Stevenson et al., 1966a; Kolah, Master, and Sanghvi, 1967; Saifullah, Chandra, Pathak, and Dhall, 1967) with the exception of a few isolated places such as Alexandria in Egypt and perhaps Chandigarh in India. In western countries, spinal and occipital meningoceles are common, but in Thailand we have found an exceptionally high incidence of encephalomeningocele in the anterior part of the head (see Figures 1 and 2). This fact, which suggests that meningoceles do not comprise a homogeneous group, led us to examine the geographical distribution of this group of malformations.