Microbial metallomics.
Microbial metallomics.
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微生物金属组学。
DOI：
10.1039/c3mt90009f
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发表时间：
2013
期刊：
影响因子：
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通讯作者：
Basu,Partha
中科院分区：
文献类型：
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作者：
Basu,Partha
在短短四年的时间里，《金属经济学》杂志在一个系统中研究金属的不同方面，从定量形态到识别新的金属生物分子，再到发现它们的功能，显然已经确立了自己在该领域的领先地位。这一领域正在迅速成熟，以至于现在有可能像这一期那样专注于微生物金属组学。由于威廉姆斯提出了“金属组学”这一术语，用来描述生物系统中的金属物种1，因此将“金属组学”作为“生物金属”的研究领域似乎是合理的，这是由原口2提出的。类金属包裹体扩大了研究范围，拓宽了研究领域。三年前，IUPAC发表了一份关于该领域关键术语的技术报告3。所有这些都是一个迅速成熟的子学科的指标。在这本杂志最近的一篇社论中，Maret和Copsey4提醒我们，尽管有机化学和无机化学在生物系统中几乎密不可分，但大多数生物化学教科书几乎都是从有机化学家的角度来研究这一领域。一个看似合理的原因可能是研究生物系统中的金属所面临的内在挑战。即使在一个简单的生物系统中，例如细菌或酵母细胞，在基因组学领域已经取得了重大进展，对金属离子的研究仍然不是微不足道的。由于各种原因，许多藏匿或运输金属的分子仍未确定。在最近的一篇文章中，Cvetkovic等人。5指出，许多微生物金属蛋白质组仍未确定其特征。他们建议，“鉴于金属在蛋白质功能中的主要作用，必须确定天然金属蛋白质组的特征，以补充包括结构基因组学在内的重组工作”。显然，基因组不会告诉我们有关金属组的信息，因此也不会告诉我们许多金属生物分子的功能。归根结底，了解它们在特定时间在生物体中的功能是我们的追求。我们渴望获得这些知识，我们希望这些知识最终将造福于社会，无论是治疗疾病、清理环境污染物，还是发现新的能源途径。因此，将重点放在简单生物体的金属生物分子上似乎是合乎逻辑的，因此这个问题是关于微生物金属组学的。微生物金属组学从元素的生物地球化学循环，到生物修复，到发病机制，都是重要的。2011年6月的一次编辑委员会会议上讨论了关于微生物金属组学的特刊的想法。2012年，我在生物金属戈登会议上与当时的副主编Vibhuti Patel讨论了这个想法，不久之后，特刊的概念开始形成。在这期特刊中，有13篇文章描述了最初的研究或总结了最近的发现。从耐冷菌对砷的转化，到高温古生菌对硫的代谢，再到病原菌对铜的调控，这些文献描述了生物体的行为。这个问题有三个主要焦点：金属酶的结构-功能关系、金属动态平衡和含金属辅因子的获得。此外，它以描述汞在tRNA稳定性和铀的生物修复中的影响的原创贡献为特色。Parey等人(DOI：10.1039/c2mt20225e)总结了一种古生菌物种的异化硫酸盐还原作用，强调了酶的结构和机制。宾夕法尼亚州匹兹堡杜肯大学化学和生物化学教授帕塔·巴苏说。帕塔·巴苏于1991年在贾达夫布尔大学获得博士学位，在Animesh Chakravorty的指导下学习配位化学。1992年，他创建了…
In four short years the journal Metallomics has clearly established itself as a leader in the field of studying diverse aspects of metals in a system, from quantitative speciation, to identification of new metallobiomolecules, to discovering their functions. The field is rapidly maturing so much so that a specialized issue such as this one focusing on Microbial Metallomics is now possible. Since Williams proposed the term ‘metallome’that describes metal species in a biological system1, it seems reasonable to coin ‘metallomics’ as the field of investigation of ‘biometals’, as was proposed by Haraguchi2. Inclusion of metalloids extends the scope and broadens the field. Three years ago, IUPAC published a technical report on key terminologies of the field3. All of these are indicators of a rapidly maturing subdiscipline. In a recent editorial of this journal, Maret and Copsey4 reminded us that most biochemistry textbooks almost exclusively treat the field from a lens of organic chemists even though organic and inorganic chemistry are almost inseparable in a biological system. A plausible reason may be the inherent challenges of studying metals in biological systems. Even in a simple biological system, such as a bacterial or yeast cell, where significant progress has been made in the field of genomics, studying metal ions remains nontrivial. Many molecules that harbor, or transport metals for a variety of reasons remained unidentified. In a recent article, Cvetkovic et al. 5 stated that much of microbial metalloproteomes remain uncharacterized. They suggested,‘‘given the major roles that metals have in protein function, native metalloproteomes must be characterized to complement recombinant efforts including structural genomics’’. Clearly, genomes do not inform us about the metallome and consequently the function of many metallobiomolecules. Ultimately, understanding their function in an organism at a given time is our quest. We aspire to attain this knowledge, which we hope ultimately will benefit the society whether treating a disease, cleaning up environmental pollutants, or discovering new avenues for energy. Thus it is seems logical to focus on the metallobiomolecules of simpler organisms, hence this issue on Microbial Metallomics. Microbial metallomics has been important from the context of biogeochemical cycling of elements, to bioremediation, to pathogenesis. The idea of a special issue on Microbial Metallomics was discussed in an editorial board meeting in June of 2011. I discussed the idea with then Deputy Editor, Vibhuti Patel, at the Metals in Biology Gordon Conference in 2012, and soon after the concept of the special issue started to take a shape. In this special issue, there are thirteen articles describing original research or summarizing recent findings. These papers describe the behavior of organisms from arsenic transformation by psychrotolerant bacterium to sulfur metabolism by hyperthermophillic archea, to regulation of copper by pathogenic fungus. The issue has three main foci: structure-function relationships of metalloenzymes, metal homeostasis, and metal containing cofactor acquisition. In addition, it features original contributions describing the effects of mercury in tRNA stability and bioremediation of uranium. Parey et al.(DOI: 10.1039/c2mt20225e) summarizes dissimilatory sulfate reduction in an archaeal species, Archaeoglobus fulgidus emphasizing the enzymatic structure and mechanism. The findingsPartha Basu, Professor of Chemistry and Biochemistry, Duquesne University, Pittsburgh, PA. Partha Basu earned his PhD in 1991 from Jadavpur University in coordination chemistry under the supervision of Animesh Chakravorty. In 1992, he …