Research strategies and methodologic standards in studies of risk factors for child abuse.
Research strategies and methodologic standards in studies of risk factors for child abuse.
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DOI：
10.1016/0145-2134(82)90003-5
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发表时间：
1982-01-01
影响因子：
4.8
通讯作者：
Leventhal, J M
中科院分区：
文献类型：
--
作者：
Leventhal, J M
虐待儿童研究的一个主要重点是识别遭受虐待的高风险儿童。尽管如此强调，很少有人写的研究方法，在这样的研究。本文综述了研究危险因素的三种主要研究策略：（1）随机对照试验，（2）前瞻性或观察性队列研究，（3）回顾性或病例对照研究。此外，八个方法标准，应有助于减少偏见的虐待儿童的风险因素的研究。这些标准是：（1）明确描述虐待，（2）选择特定的对照组，（3）相同的人口统计学和临床易感性，（4）明确定义风险因素或保护因素，（5）无偏倚地确定风险因素，（6）风险因素和虐待者之间明确的时间顺序，（7）对儿童虐待的平等检测，（8）对虐待和非虐待受试者的不平等审查。大多数关于儿童虐待危险因素的研究都采用病例对照或观察性队列设计，这两种方法都是非实验性研究策略。在这类研究中，使用可比较的对照组（标准2和3）以及在暴露和未暴露儿童中同等检测虐待（标准7）对于最大限度地减少偏倚至关重要。
A major focus of studies of child abuse has been the identification of children who are at high risk for abuse. Despite this emphasis, little has been written about the research methodology in such studies. This paper reviews the three major research strategies to investigate risk factors: (1) randomized controlled trials, (2) prospective or observational cohort studies, and (3) retrospective or case-control studies. In addition, eight methodological standards are presented that should help to minimize bias in studies of risk factors for child abuse. These standards are: (1) clear description of abuse, (2) choice of a specific control group, (3) equal demographic and clinical susceptibility, (4) clear definition of the risk factor or protective factor, (5) unbiased ascertainment of the risk factor, (6) clear temporal sequence between risk factor and abuser, (7) equal detection of child abuse, and (8) unequal review of abused and nonabused subjects. Most studies of risk factors for child abuse have used either a case-control or, less frequently, an observational cohort design, both of which are nonexperimental research strategies. In such studies, the use of comparable control groups (standards 2 and 3) and equal detection of abuse in exposed and nonexposed children (standard 7) are of major importance in minimizing bias.