Breeding Applications and Molecular Basis of Semi-dwarfism in Rice
Breeding Applications and Molecular Basis of Semi-dwarfism in Rice
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DOI：
10.1007/978-981-10-7461-5_9
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发表时间：
2018
期刊：
影响因子：
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通讯作者：
Keisuke Nagai;K. Hirano;Rosalyn B. Angeles‐Shim;M. Ashikari
中科院分区：
文献类型：
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作者：
Keisuke Nagai;K. Hirano;Rosalyn B. Angeles‐Shim;M. Ashikari
水稻绿色革命的定义是水稻产量的空前增长，使世界免于1960年代即将到来的饥荒。驱动这场革命的是赋予水稻半矮秆表型的半矮秆1（sd1）基因。由ysd 1赋予的较短的高度使植物即使在高剂量的氮肥下也能抗倒伏。IR8 carryingsd1，也被称为奇迹水稻，是第一个高产水稻品种，由于密集的研究和育种工作，利用半矮秆性状显着提高水稻产量。水稻绿色转基因在育种中应用已有几十年的历史，但长期以来一直没有发现该基因。随着水稻基因组学的研究进展，发现SD1编码GA生物合成基因GA20ox2。基因组测序显示，在水稻半矮秆育种中用作供体系的几个品种具有不同的sd1等位基因。除了育种应用外，矮秆突变体还有助于揭示赤霉素生物合成和信号转导的分子机制。
The green revolution in rice was defined by an unprecedented increase in rice production that saved the world from an impending famine in the 1960s. Driving this revolution was thesemi-dwarf 1(sd1) gene conferring the semi-dwarf phenotype to the rice plant. The shorter stature conferred bysd1gives the plants resistance to lodging even under heavy doses of nitrogen fertilizer. IR8 carryingsd1, also known as the miracle rice, was the first high-yielding rice variety that came out as a result of intensive research and breeding efforts that capitalize on the use of the semi-dwarf trait to significantly improve rice yield. Although the rice green revolution gene has been used for breeding for decades, thesd1gene was not identified for a long time. Advancement of rice genomics facilitated the discovery thatSD1encodes the GA biosynthesis gene,GA20ox2. Genome sequencing revealed that several of the varieties used as donor lines in breeding for the semi-dwarf phenotype in rice possess different alleles ofsd1. Apart from breeding applications, dwarf mutants have also been instrumental in uncovering the molecular mechanisms underlying gibberellin biosynthesis and signaling.