Immunotoxicologic effects of inhaled chromium: Role of particle solubility and co-exposure to ozone
Immunotoxicologic effects of inhaled chromium: Role of particle solubility and co-exposure to ozone
复制标题
DOI：
10.1006/taap.1998.8502
复制
发表时间：
1998-09-01
影响因子：
3.8
通讯作者：
Schlesinger, RB
中科院分区：
文献类型：
--
作者：
Cohen, MD;Zelikoff, JT;Schlesinger, RB
可溶性和不溶性六价铬（Cr 6+）试剂在焊接过程中与臭氧（O-3）一起释放。虽然已经研究了单独暴露于每种药剂的肺/免疫学影响，但在实际工作条件下同时暴露的影响尚不清楚。为了研究吸入Cr 6+的免疫调节作用，将F-344大鼠暴露于含有可溶性铬酸钾（K2 CrO 4）或不溶性铬酸钡（BaCrO 4）的空气中，每天5小时，每周5天，持续2周或4周，每种空气单独使用360 μ g Cr/m3或与0.3 ppm O-3结合使用。在最终暴露后一天，对大鼠实施安乐死，灌洗其肺，并回收肺巨噬细胞（PAM）用于评估基础和诱导功能。大鼠吸入含K2 CrO 4的气氛中有更大的水平，总的可恢复的细胞，中性粒细胞和单核细胞在支气管肺泡灌洗大鼠相比，暴露于不溶性Cr 6+的气氛，O-3单独，或空气;这些大鼠也有一个减少的百分比PAM，虽然总PAM水平保持不受影响。尽管Cr溶解度相关的PAM功能变化是明显的，但对Cr溶解度的任何依赖性是可变的。含K2 CrO 4的气氛调制PAM诱导的白细胞介素-1和-6，和肿瘤坏死因子-cy的生产在更大程度上比那些含有BaCrO 4。相反，含BaCrO 4的气氛影响PAM，基础一氧化氮的生产和干扰素-γ-引发/酵母多糖刺激的活性氧中间体的生产在更大程度上比那些含有K2 CrO 4。在PAM试验中，共同吸入O-3均未导致用Cr 6+化合物本身获得的效果的调节。结果表明，虽然吸入Cr 6+对PAM的免疫调节作用与颗粒溶解度有关，但共吸入O-3显然不会引起金属诱导作用的进一步修改。(C)北京：科学出版社.
Soluble and insoluble hexavalent chromium (Cr6+) agents are concomitantly released with ozone (O-3) during welding. Although pulmonary/immunologic implications from exposure to each agent individually have been investigated, the effects from simultaneous exposure, as occurs under actual working conditions, are unclear. To investigate immunomodulatory effects of inhaled Cr6+, F-344 rats were exposed for 5 h/day, 5 days/week for 2 or 4 weeks to atmospheres containing soluble potassium chromate (K2CrO4) or insoluble barium chromate (BaCrO4), each alone at 360 mu g Cr/m(3) or in combination with 0.3 ppm O-3. One day after the final exposure, rats were euthanized, their lungs were lavaged, and pulmonary macrophages (PAM) were recovered for assessment of basal and inducible functions. Rats inhaling K2CrO4-containing atmospheres had greater levels of total recoverable cells, neutrophils, and monocytes in bronchopulmonary lavage compared to rats exposed to insoluble Cr6+ atmospheres, O-3 alone, or air; these rats also had a reduced percentage of PAM, although total PAM levels remained unaffected. Although Cr exposure-related changes in PAM functionality were evident, any dependence upon Cr solubility was variable. K2CrO4-containing atmospheres modulated PAM-inducible interleukins-1 and -6, and tumor necrosis factor-cy production to a greater degree than those containing BaCrO4. Conversely, BaCrO4-containing atmospheres affected PAM, basal nitric oxide production and interferon-gamma-primed/zymosan-stimulated reactive oxygen intermediate production to a greater extent than did those containing K2CrO4. In none of the PAM assays did co-inhalation of O-3 result in a modulation of the effects obtained with either Cr6+ compound itself. The results indicate that, while immunomodulatory effects of inhaled Cr6+ upon PAM are related to particle solubility, the co-inhalation of O-3 apparently does not cause further modifications of the metal-induced effects. (C) 1998 Academic Press.